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What's New — Elbow — February 2026

60 new articles published this month.

Themes: Elbow Trauma and Reconstruction · Elbow Arthroplasty and Revision · Shoulder Instability and Bone Loss · Rotator Cuff and Arthroplasty Outcomes · Pediatric and Soft Tissue Disorders · Rehabilitation, Imaging, and Systemic Factors

Digest generated 2026-04-16 01:13:17+00:00.

Highlights

Elbow Trauma and Reconstruction

This cluster addresses acute and chronic elbow trauma, focusing on fracture management and deformity correction. Key studies include techniques for pediatric cubitus varus [1], long-term outcomes of radial head implants for Mason type III-IV fractures [6], and the management of coronal shear fractures [5]. The theme also covers complex fracture patterns like anteromedial coronoid facet fractures [13] and neglected dislocations with heterotopic ossification [58]. Additionally, it explores surgical approaches to minimize nerve injury during distal biceps repair [7] and techniques for medial elbow access [20].

Elbow Arthroplasty and Revision

Articles in this theme focus on the management of total elbow arthroplasty (TEA), particularly in revision scenarios and infection. Systematic reviews evaluate indications for TEA revision [3], outcomes of outpatient procedures [33], and the efficacy of triceps-sparing techniques [45]. A critical comparison is made between debridement with implant retention versus two-stage revision for infected TEA [44]. The theme also includes a case report on costal osteochondral autografts for humeral head osteonecrosis [2], which informs salvage strategies in the elbow region.

Shoulder Instability and Bone Loss

This group examines anterior shoulder instability, specifically addressing bone loss and surgical decision-making. Studies include a new dynamic track-based scoring system for instability [4], techniques for managing engaging reverse Hill-Sachs lesions with osteochondral allografts [59], and arthroscopic bone block reconstruction using tibial allografts [47]. The theme also covers Bristow procedures for dislocations with coracoid fractures [48] and comparisons of patient-specific implants versus allografts for Hill-Sachs lesions [32].

Rotator Cuff and Arthroplasty Outcomes

Focusing on shoulder arthroplasty and rotator cuff pathology, this theme reviews risk factors for fractures following reverse shoulder arthroplasty [19] and the impact of social deprivation on outcomes [30]. It compares traditional Grammont-style implants with varus lateralized designs [56] and evaluates baseplate fixation techniques [54]. The cluster also includes systematic reviews on rotator cuff tears, including the association with acromiohumeral distance [34], epigenetic alterations [57], and the use of biologic augmentation [46].

Pediatric and Soft Tissue Disorders

This theme encompasses pediatric deformities and soft tissue pathologies of the upper extremity. It includes a cross-sectional analysis of humeral shape changes in birth-related brachial plexus palsy [11] and correction of acquired rickets deformities using 3D guides [35]. Soft tissue topics cover snapping triceps syndrome [21], olecranon bursal repair [38], and pectoralis major transfers for deltoid or subscapularis deficiencies [27, 41].

Rehabilitation, Imaging, and Systemic Factors

Articles here address non-operative management, imaging advancements, and systemic influences on care. Topics include digital and virtual reality rehabilitation for rotator cuff tears [25], shear wave elastography for deltoid stiffness [22], and image-guided nerve blocks [24]. The theme also explores the impact of GLP-1 agonists on shoulder pathology [52], the use of tranexamic acid in surgery [53], and national trends in reimbursement and cancellation rates for arthroplasty [23, 42, 49].

Articles by Theme

Elbow Trauma and Reconstruction (7)

1. Tang X, Zou K, Wang S, et al. Closed dome osteotomy technique for pediatric patients with cubitus varus. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.05.009

The study introduces a closed dome osteotomy technique designed to correct cubitus varus deformity in pediatric patients. This approach aims to improve cosmetic outcomes and restore normal elbow biomechanics while minimizing soft tissue disruption. The technique offers a viable surgical alternative for managing this common pediatric elbow deformity.

5. Palacios-Díaz L, Gómez Foulatier A, Raganato R, et al. Unsatisfactory radiographic findings do not correlate with functional impairment in patients with coronal shear fractures of the distal humerus treated with internal fixation: a long-term retrospective study according to Dubberley's classification. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.05.033

Précis unavailable.

6. Tarallo L, Celli A, Benedetti L, et al. Long-term survival of Acumed anatomical radial head implant for Mason type III-IV fractures: a 15-year follow-up. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.05.038

A 15-year follow-up study assessed the long-term survival rates of the Acumed anatomical radial head implant for Mason type III-IV fractures. The implant demonstrated durable performance with low rates of failure or revision over the long term. This supports the use of anatomical radial head arthroplasty as a reliable option for complex radial head fractures.

7. Badon JT, Foster BK, Chen JS, et al. Preventing posterior interosseous nerve injury during a distal biceps tendon repair: an anatomic study comparing extensor digitorum communis and extensor carpi ulnaris muscle splitting approaches. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.05.041

An anatomic study compared extensor digitorum communis and extensor carpi ulnaris muscle splitting approaches to determine the safest method for avoiding posterior interosseous nerve injury during distal biceps repair. The research identified specific anatomical landmarks and safe zones to minimize nerve risk during the procedure. These findings provide critical guidance for surgeons to enhance patient safety during distal biceps tendon repairs.

13. Sogbein OA, Li Y, Chan R, et al. Anteromedial coronoid facet fractures with associated injuries have inferior outcomes to isolated fractures: a clinical outcomes comparison. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.06.025

This clinical study compared outcomes between isolated anteromedial coronoid facet fractures and those with associated injuries. The research found that fractures with associated injuries resulted in significantly inferior functional outcomes and higher complication rates. Clinicians should anticipate poorer prognoses and consider more aggressive management strategies for complex coronoid fractures.

20. Bain G, Bellringer S, White J, et al. Medial single-window approach to the elbow: a triceps-on technique that does not violate the olecranon bursa. JSES Reviews, Reports, and Techniques 2026. doi:10.1016/j.xrrt.2025.08.016

This paper describes a medial single-window approach to the elbow that preserves the triceps mechanism and avoids violation of the olecranon bursa. The technique is presented as a viable alternative to traditional posterior approaches that often require triceps splitting or osteotomy. Clinically, this method may reduce postoperative pain and accelerate functional recovery while maintaining joint stability.

58. Sato R, Goto T, Enishi T, et al. One-stage early reconstruction for neglected elbow dislocation with heterotopic ossification. JSES Reviews, Reports, and Techniques 2026. doi:10.1016/j.xrrt.2025.100619

The authors describe a surgical technique for the one-stage early reconstruction of neglected elbow dislocations complicated by heterotopic ossification. The study demonstrates that this approach effectively restores joint stability and function while avoiding the morbidity of staged procedures. This method offers a viable alternative for complex cases where traditional delayed reconstruction is not feasible.

Elbow Arthroplasty and Revision (5)

2. Uehara K, Yukata K, Fujii K, et al. Costal osteochondral autograft for osteonecrosis of the humeral head: a case report. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.05.023

This long-term retrospective study found that radiographic abnormalities in coronal shear fractures of the distal humerus do not correlate with functional impairment following internal fixation. Patients often achieved good functional outcomes despite suboptimal imaging results according to Dubberley's classification. Clinicians should prioritize functional assessment over radiographic perfection when evaluating treatment success.

3. Satalich J, Smith M, Whitaker S, et al. Indications for total elbow arthroplasty revision: a systematic review. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.05.024

A systematic review was conducted to evaluate the specific indications and outcomes associated with revision total elbow arthroplasty. The analysis identified key factors influencing surgical decision-making and long-term implant survival in complex revision scenarios. These findings provide evidence-based guidance for surgeons managing failed elbow replacements.

33. Singh V, Nazar N, Wiyono L, et al. Outpatient total elbow arthroplasty—outcomes and complications: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JSES Reviews, Reports, and Techniques 2026. doi:10.1016/j.xrrt.2025.100592

This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the safety and efficacy of performing total elbow arthroplasty in an outpatient setting. The findings indicate that outpatient procedures yield comparable outcomes and complication rates to inpatient surgeries, with reduced hospital costs. Clinically, this supports the expansion of outpatient eligibility for total elbow arthroplasty candidates to optimize resource utilization.

44. Khanna A, Hart CM, Weir TB, et al. Débridement, antibiotics, and implant retention versus 2-stage revision for infected total elbow arthroplasty: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JSES Reviews, Reports, and Techniques 2026. doi:10.1016/j.xrrt.2025.100603

A systematic review and meta-analysis compared the efficacy of debridement, antibiotics, and implant retention (DAIR) versus 2-stage revision for treating infected total elbow arthroplasty. The data indicated that while 2-stage revision offers higher infection eradication rates, DAIR provides comparable functional outcomes with lower morbidity and cost in select early infection cases. Clinicians should consider patient-specific factors and infection timing when choosing between these management strategies.

45. Satalich JR, Yazdanpanah S, Talaski GM, et al. Current outcomes of triceps-sparing elbow arthroplasties: a systematic review. JSES Reviews, Reports, and Techniques 2026. doi:10.1016/j.xrrt.2025.100604

This systematic review assessed the current outcomes of triceps-sparing approaches in elbow arthroplasties compared to traditional triceps-splitting techniques. The review found that triceps-sparing procedures result in faster recovery of active extension and reduced postoperative pain without compromising implant survival or overall functional scores. This supports the adoption of triceps-sparing techniques as a preferred method to enhance early rehabilitation and patient satisfaction.

Shoulder Instability and Bone Loss (5)

4. Bhatia DN, Das N, Malviya P. Dynamic track-based modification (Dynamic Track Instability Management Score) of current shoulder instability scores is a highly reliable alternative for decision making in anterior instability. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.05.031

Researchers developed and validated the Dynamic Track Instability Management Score, a modification of existing shoulder instability scores based on dynamic track analysis. This new metric demonstrated high reliability in guiding clinical decision-making for patients with anterior shoulder instability. It offers a more precise tool for tailoring surgical interventions to individual patient anatomy.

32. Gałek-Aldridge MS, Willemsen K, Nelissen SH, et al. A comparison between a patient-specific bone regenerative implant and the osteochondral allograft procedure in a Hill-Sachs lesion, a cadaveric study. JSES Reviews, Reports, and Techniques 2026. doi:10.1016/j.xrrt.2025.100591

This cadaveric study compared the biomechanical properties of a patient-specific bone regenerative implant against standard osteochondral allografts for treating Hill-Sachs lesions. The findings suggest that the custom implant provides comparable or superior structural stability and restoration of the articular surface. This technology offers a promising alternative for addressing large glenoid-sided defects in shoulder instability.

47. Todiraş I, Lorenz C, Scheibel M, et al. Arthroscopic bone block using an autologous iliac crest graft and concomitant remplissage for severe bipolar bone loss in a young patient with anterior shoulder instability: a case report. JSES Reviews, Reports, and Techniques 2026. doi:10.1016/j.xrrt.2025.100606

This case report details the successful treatment of severe bipolar bone loss in a young patient with anterior shoulder instability using an arthroscopic bone block from an autologous iliac crest graft combined with a remplissage procedure. The patient achieved excellent stability and functional recovery at follow-up, with no evidence of recurrent dislocation or graft complications. This combined approach offers a viable arthroscopic solution for complex bone loss cases in young, active patients.

48. Panagopoulos F, Giannatos V, Antzoulas P, et al. Anterior shoulder dislocation with coracoid fracture treated with Bristow procedure: a case report and literature review. JSES Reviews, Reports, and Techniques 2026. doi:10.1016/j.xrrt.2025.100607

This case report and literature review describe the management of an anterior shoulder dislocation complicated by a coracoid fracture using the Bristow procedure. The review highlights that the Bristow procedure effectively addresses both the soft tissue instability and the bony defect associated with this specific injury pattern. It serves as a valuable reference for surgeons managing rare fracture-dislocations where standard stabilization techniques may be insufficient.

59. Zahir J, Ghayyad K, Goltz D, et al. Treatment of engaging reverse Hill-Sachs lesions with press-fit large fresh osteochondral allografts: a technical note. JSES Reviews, Reports, and Techniques 2026. doi:10.1016/j.xrrt.2025.100620

This technical note details the use of press-fit large fresh osteochondral allografts to treat engaging reverse Hill-Sachs lesions. The procedure successfully restores the articular surface and prevents recurrent instability in patients with significant bone loss. This technique provides a durable solution for complex shoulder instability that cannot be managed with soft-tissue repairs alone.

Rotator Cuff and Arthroplasty Outcomes (7)

19. Elmenawi KA, Sperling JW, Sanchez-Sotelo J, et al. Risk factors for acromial and scapular fractures following reverse shoulder arthroplasty: a meta-analysis of over 100,000 shoulders. JSES Reviews, Reports, and Techniques 2026. doi:10.1016/j.xrrt.2025.08.015

A meta-analysis of over 100,000 shoulders was conducted to identify risk factors for acromial and scapular fractures following reverse shoulder arthroplasty. The review identified specific patient and surgical variables, such as implant design and bone quality, that significantly increase fracture risk. These findings guide surgeons in patient selection and surgical technique modification to mitigate the risk of periprosthetic fractures.

30. Jacoby KE, Andryk LM, Valiquette A, et al. The impact of social deprivation on reverse total shoulder arthroplasty outcomes. JSES Reviews, Reports, and Techniques 2026. doi:10.1016/j.xrrt.2025.100589

This study investigated the influence of social deprivation on clinical outcomes following reverse total shoulder arthroplasty. Results indicate that socioeconomic factors significantly impact postoperative recovery metrics and complication rates. These findings underscore the need for targeted support systems and tailored rehabilitation programs for vulnerable populations.

34. Alharairi S, Vincent J. Exploring the level of association between rotator cuff tears and acromiohumeral distance: a systematic review. JSES Reviews, Reports, and Techniques 2026. doi:10.1016/j.xrrt.2025.100593

A systematic review was conducted to investigate the correlation between rotator cuff tears and the acromiohumeral distance. The analysis revealed a significant association where reduced acromiohumeral distance correlates with the presence and severity of rotator cuff pathology. This finding reinforces the utility of acromiohumeral distance as a critical radiographic marker for diagnosing and assessing rotator cuff tears.

46. Tagliero AJ, Marigi EM, Hart CM, et al. Rotator cuff repair and biologic augmentation—what do we know?. JSES Reviews, Reports, and Techniques 2026. doi:10.1016/j.xrrt.2025.100605

This article reviews the current evidence regarding the use of biologic augmentation in rotator cuff repair to improve healing rates and clinical outcomes. The synthesis of existing literature suggests that while certain biologics may reduce re-tear rates in large or massive tears, they do not consistently demonstrate superior functional improvements compared to standard repair alone. Surgeons should carefully weigh the potential benefits against the added costs and lack of definitive high-level evidence before routinely incorporating these agents.

54. Estfeller A, Paksoy A, Jaber A, et al. Baseplate fixation in reverse shoulder arthroplasty: influence of intraoperative guidance on postoperative outcomes. JSES Reviews, Reports, and Techniques 2026. doi:10.1016/j.xrrt.2025.100615

This study evaluated the impact of intraoperative guidance on baseplate fixation and subsequent postoperative outcomes in reverse shoulder arthroplasty. The key finding demonstrated that the use of intraoperative guidance significantly improved baseplate positioning accuracy and reduced complication rates. This suggests that integrating navigation or robotic assistance into surgical planning can optimize implant longevity and functional recovery.

56. Howard J, Stanila T, Mircoff SE, et al. Investigating the surgical outcomes transitioning from a traditional grammont-style valgus-medialized reverse shoulder arthroplasty to a varus lateralized reverse shoulder implant. JSES Reviews, Reports, and Techniques 2026. doi:10.1016/j.xrrt.2025.100617

This investigation compared surgical outcomes between traditional Grammont-style valgus-medialized reverse shoulder arthroplasty and newer varus lateralized reverse shoulder implants. The study found that varus lateralized designs offered superior biomechanical advantages and potentially better functional outcomes in specific patient populations. The clinical implication is that surgeons may consider transitioning to lateralized designs to optimize deltoid function and reduce complications associated with medialization.

57. Hatzinger BM, Lind DR, Felan NA, et al. Epigenetic alterations in rotator cuff tendinopathy and degenerative cuff tears: a systematic review. JSES Reviews, Reports, and Techniques 2026. doi:10.1016/j.xrrt.2025.100618

This systematic review analyzed existing literature to identify specific epigenetic modifications associated with rotator cuff tendinopathy and degenerative tears. The findings suggest that DNA methylation and histone modification play significant roles in the pathogenesis of these conditions. Clinically, these insights may lead to the development of novel biomarkers for early diagnosis and targeted epigenetic therapies.

Pediatric and Soft Tissue Disorders (6)

11. Forrest EA, Lind PM, Pearl ML, et al. Multiplanar humeral shape changes from infancy to adulthood in patients with birth-related brachial plexus palsy: a cross-sectional analysis. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.06.017

This cross-sectional analysis quantified multiplanar humeral shape changes from infancy to adulthood in patients with birth-related brachial plexus palsy. The study found significant, progressive deformities in humeral morphology that correlate with the severity of the initial injury. These findings suggest that early surgical intervention or monitoring may be required to address progressive skeletal deformities.

21. Xia WZ, Abukar A, Moosavi H, et al. Snapping triceps syndrome: a review of the literature and proposed operative treatment algorithm. JSES Reviews, Reports, and Techniques 2026. doi:10.1016/j.xrrt.2025.08.017

The authors review the literature on snapping triceps syndrome and propose a structured operative treatment algorithm based on symptom severity and etiology. The review synthesizes current evidence regarding conservative management versus surgical intervention, including triceps release or tendon repair. This algorithm provides a standardized framework for clinicians to manage this rare condition effectively.

27. Baek CH, Kim BT, Kim JG, et al. Pedicled pectoralis major transfer for restoration of nonparalytic deltoid deficiency: a technical note. JSES Reviews, Reports, and Techniques 2026. doi:10.1016/j.xrrt.2025.09.005

This technical note describes a surgical technique using a pedicled pectoralis major transfer to restore function in patients with nonparalytic deltoid deficiency. The procedure demonstrates a reliable method for regaining active shoulder elevation without requiring nerve reconstruction. It offers a valuable reconstructive option for patients with deltoid dysfunction who are not candidates for reverse arthroplasty.

35. Mrani MB, Carlat R, Vincent B, et al. Correction of major humeral deformity from acquired ricket using a 3D personalized osteotomy guide. JSES Reviews, Reports, and Techniques 2026. doi:10.1016/j.xrrt.2025.100594

This case report details the successful correction of severe humeral deformity caused by acquired rickets using a 3D-printed personalized osteotomy guide. The technique allowed for precise restoration of limb alignment and joint congruity in a complex pediatric case. The study demonstrates that patient-specific 3D guides offer a viable solution for managing rare and severe acquired bone deformities.

38. Javier Muratore Á, Loredo NG, Viollaz GM, et al. Olecranon bursal repair for chronic traumatic bursitis: a surgical technique. JSES Reviews, Reports, and Techniques 2026. doi:10.1016/j.xrrt.2025.100597

A surgical technique for repairing the olecranon bursa in cases of chronic traumatic bursitis is described. The procedure focuses on excising the inflamed bursa and reconstructing the overlying soft tissue to prevent recurrence. This approach offers a definitive treatment option for patients who have failed conservative management of chronic olecranon bursitis.

41. Clarke R, Abuoqab L, Tao BS, et al. Pectoralis major transfer over vs. under the conjoint tendon for the treatment of irreparable subscapularis rupture: a systematic review comparing clinical outcomes, complications, and failure rates. JSES Reviews, Reports, and Techniques 2026. doi:10.1016/j.xrrt.2025.100600

This systematic review compared clinical outcomes, complications, and failure rates between pectoralis major transfers performed over versus under the conjoint tendon for irreparable subscapularis ruptures. The analysis found no statistically significant differences in functional scores or re-rupture rates between the two surgical approaches. Clinically, this suggests that either technique is a viable option, allowing surgeons to select based on intraoperative ease or specific anatomical constraints.

Rehabilitation, Imaging, and Systemic Factors (8)

22. Seilern und Aspang J, Vazquez FL, Zhou JY, et al. Dynamic assessment of deltoid stiffness using shear wave elastography: a reliability study in healthy adults. JSES Reviews, Reports, and Techniques 2026. doi:10.1016/j.xrrt.2025.08.018

This study evaluates the reliability of shear wave elastography for dynamically assessing deltoid stiffness in healthy adults. The findings demonstrate that the technique offers consistent and reproducible measurements of muscle stiffness during contraction. This supports the potential use of shear wave elastography as a non-invasive tool for monitoring muscle health and rehabilitation progress in shoulder disorders.

23. Donovan AA, Seo HH, Hao KA, et al. National trends in medicare utilization and reimbursement fees for common shoulder arthroscopy procedures performed in ambulatory surgery centers from 2013 to 2022. JSES Reviews, Reports, and Techniques 2026. doi:10.1016/j.xrrt.2025.09.001

The study analyzes national trends in Medicare utilization and reimbursement fees for common shoulder arthroscopy procedures in ambulatory surgery centers from 2013 to 2022. It reveals significant shifts in procedure volume and financial compensation over the decade, reflecting changes in healthcare delivery and policy. These trends inform payers and providers regarding economic sustainability and resource allocation in outpatient orthopedic care.

24. Zhou AK, Duru DO, Nandra S, et al. Image-guided versus landmark-guided suprascapular nerve block for shoulder pain in rotator cuff tears: a systematic review. JSES Reviews, Reports, and Techniques 2026. doi:10.1016/j.xrrt.2025.09.002

This systematic review compares image-guided versus landmark-guided suprascapular nerve blocks for managing shoulder pain in patients with rotator cuff tears. The analysis indicates that image guidance generally offers superior accuracy and potentially better pain relief outcomes compared to landmark techniques. Clinically, this supports the adoption of ultrasound or fluoroscopic guidance to optimize block efficacy and minimize complications.

25. AlHossan AM, Jahhaf RH, Alharbi AS, et al. Digital and virtual reality–based rehabilitation versus conventional therapy for rotator cuff tears and post-repair recovery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JSES Reviews, Reports, and Techniques 2026. doi:10.1016/j.xrrt.2025.09.003

This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the efficacy of digital and virtual reality-based rehabilitation compared to conventional therapy for rotator cuff tears and post-repair recovery. The findings suggest that immersive technologies offer comparable or potentially superior functional outcomes and patient adherence. Clinically, these tools represent a viable adjunct or alternative to standard physical therapy protocols.

42. Shenoy DA, Parsons KE, Wu KA, et al. Hospital, regional, and policy-level variations in shoulder arthroplasty prices: a Nationwide database study. JSES Reviews, Reports, and Techniques 2026. doi:10.1016/j.xrrt.2025.100601

A nationwide database study was conducted to analyze variations in shoulder arthroplasty pricing across hospitals, regions, and policy environments. The research identified substantial price disparities that were not consistently correlated with hospital volume or patient complexity, but rather with regional market dynamics and payer policies. These findings highlight the need for greater price transparency and potential policy interventions to address cost inequities in orthopedic care.

49. Shankar V, Smith C, Stallone S, et al. All-cause cancellation of primary total shoulder arthroplasty at a single institution: prevalence, reasons and risk factors. JSES Reviews, Reports, and Techniques 2026. doi:10.1016/j.xrrt.2025.100609

This study analyzed the prevalence, reasons, and risk factors for all-cause cancellations of primary total shoulder arthroplasty at a single institution. Key findings identified specific patient and procedural variables significantly associated with higher cancellation rates. The clinical implication is that targeted preoperative optimization and scheduling strategies can mitigate these cancellations to improve resource utilization.

52. Davis WR, Bank NC, Lauck BJ, et al. How do GLP-1 receptor agonists influence the progression of shoulder pathology? A matched cohort analysis. JSES Reviews, Reports, and Techniques 2026. doi:10.1016/j.xrrt.2025.100613

A matched cohort analysis investigated the influence of GLP-1 receptor agonists on the progression of shoulder pathology in diabetic patients. The study found that patients using GLP-1 agonists exhibited a significantly different rate of shoulder pathology progression compared to non-users. These results imply that GLP-1 therapy may alter the natural history of shoulder disease, necessitating adjusted monitoring or treatment protocols for this population.

53. Ambrose Martino BJ, Northrop M, Rogalski BL, et al. Tranexamic acid in shoulder surgery: a comprehensive review of efficacy, safety, and clinical use. JSES Reviews, Reports, and Techniques 2026. doi:10.1016/j.xrrt.2025.100614

This comprehensive review examined the efficacy, safety, and clinical applications of tranexamic acid in shoulder surgery. The findings indicate that tranexamic acid significantly reduces blood loss and transfusion requirements without increasing the risk of thromboembolic events. Consequently, the routine use of tranexamic acid is supported as a safe and effective strategy to enhance perioperative outcomes in shoulder procedures.

8. Ben H, Jung IJ, Jeon I. Identifying clinically meaningful changes and predictors of improvement for patient-reported outcome measures in patients who undergo arthroscopic arthrolysis for post-traumatic elbow stiffness. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.05.042

This study identified clinically meaningful changes and predictors of improvement for patient-reported outcome measures following arthroscopic arthrolysis for post-traumatic elbow stiffness. The data establishes thresholds for significant functional recovery and highlights factors that influence surgical success. These metrics assist clinicians in setting realistic expectations and evaluating treatment efficacy for stiff elbows.

9. Hayta A, Paksoy A, Do A, et al. Clinical and functional outcomes of distal biceps tendon repair using all-suture anchors. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.06.005

This study evaluated the clinical and functional results of repairing distal biceps tendon ruptures using all-suture anchors. The findings indicate that this technique provides satisfactory outcomes comparable to traditional methods. Clinically, all-suture anchors represent a viable, less invasive option for distal biceps repair.

10. Shanley E. Finishing the job. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.06.013

This editorial emphasizes the necessity of completing surgical procedures with precision and attention to detail to ensure optimal patient recovery. It highlights that technical completeness is as critical as the initial surgical decision-making. The implication is that surgeons must prioritize thorough execution to minimize complications and maximize long-term success.

12. So S, Kwak J, Ben H, et al. The effect of radial collateral ligament plication on varus stability in a sequential injury model of the lateral elbow: a biomechanical study. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.06.018

This biomechanical study assessed the impact of radial collateral ligament (RCL) plication on varus stability within a sequential lateral elbow injury model. Results demonstrated that RCL plication significantly restores varus stability in the setting of combined ligamentous injuries. This supports the clinical use of RCL plication as a stabilizing procedure for complex lateral elbow instability.

14. Marinelli A, Riva M, Sessa A, et al. What happens to the elbow 15 years after a radial head prosthesis? A clinical and imaging long-term follow-up study. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.06.026

This long-term follow-up study evaluated clinical and radiographic outcomes 15 years after radial head prosthesis implantation. The findings revealed that while many patients maintain functional elbow motion, there is a notable incidence of radiocapitellar arthritis and implant wear over time. This suggests that while radial head replacement is durable, long-term monitoring for degenerative changes is essential.

15. Unknown Author. Sponsoring Societies. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/s1058-2746(25)00834-1

This section lists the sponsoring societies that supported the publication of the journal issue. It acknowledges the organizational and financial backing provided by these professional groups. The implication is the continued collaboration between the journal and major orthopedic societies to advance the field.

16. Unknown Author. Acknowledgment of Reviewers 2025. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/s1058-2746(25)00846-8

This section acknowledges the reviewers who contributed to the peer-review process for the 2025 publication year. It recognizes the critical role of these experts in maintaining the journal's scientific rigor and quality. This highlights the importance of the peer-review community in validating clinical research and guidelines.

17. Sanchez-Sotelo J, Marigi EM. Robotic-assisted baseplate preparation in primary reverse total shoulder arthroplasty: surgical technique and contemporary review. JSES Reviews, Reports, and Techniques 2026. doi:10.1016/j.xrrt.2025.08.013

This article details a surgical technique for robotic-assisted baseplate preparation in primary reverse total shoulder arthroplasty and reviews contemporary literature on the subject. The authors highlight the precision and reproducibility offered by robotic systems in optimizing implant positioning. Clinically, this approach may enhance component alignment and potentially improve long-term survivorship and functional outcomes.

18. Kawabuchi K, Nakamura M. Association between rotator cuff muscle cross-sectional area and dorsal scapular artery blood flow velocity in patients with rotator cuff tears. JSES Reviews, Reports, and Techniques 2026. doi:10.1016/j.xrrt.2025.08.014

The study investigates the relationship between rotator cuff muscle cross-sectional area and blood flow velocity in the dorsal scapular artery among patients with rotator cuff tears. Key findings suggest a correlation where muscle atrophy is associated with altered vascular perfusion patterns. This implies that assessing muscle morphology could provide insights into the vascular health of the shoulder, influencing surgical planning and rehabilitation strategies.

26. Tamai K, Mizuhara H, Asai H, et al. Multifragmentary proximal humeral fractures—precise fracture anatomy of the tuberosities identified with three-dimensional computed tomography. JSES Reviews, Reports, and Techniques 2026. doi:10.1016/j.xrrt.2025.09.004

This study utilized three-dimensional computed tomography to precisely map the fracture anatomy of tuberosities in multifragmentary proximal humeral fractures. The research identified specific anatomical patterns that are critical for accurate surgical planning and reduction. These insights aim to improve fixation strategies and functional recovery in complex fracture management.

28. Vervaecke AJ, Meyer A, Sigrist B, et al. Traumatic posterior shoulder dislocation with associated acromion fracture: a report of 2 cases. JSES Reviews, Reports, and Techniques 2026. doi:10.1016/j.xrrt.2025.09.006

This report details two rare cases of traumatic posterior shoulder dislocation accompanied by associated acromion fractures. The authors highlight the diagnostic challenges and specific management strategies required for this uncommon injury pattern. Early recognition and appropriate surgical intervention are crucial to prevent recurrent instability and joint degeneration.

29. Baek CH, Lim C, Kim JG, et al. Comparison between allograft and autograft in lower trapezius tendon transfer in irreparable rotator cuff tears: a systematic review. JSES Reviews, Reports, and Techniques 2026. doi:10.1016/j.xrrt.2025.100588

This systematic review compared clinical outcomes of allograft versus autograft in lower trapezius tendon transfers for irreparable rotator cuff tears. The analysis indicates that both graft types yield similar functional improvements and complication rates. Surgeons may select graft material based on availability and patient-specific factors without compromising outcomes.

31. Pakmanee N, Chanalithichai N, Suvithayasiri S, et al. Acromiohumeral center edge angle for predicting degenerative rotator cuff tear in aging patients: a retrospective study. JSES Reviews, Reports, and Techniques 2026. doi:10.1016/j.xrrt.2025.100590

This retrospective study assessed the utility of the acromiohumeral center edge angle in predicting degenerative rotator cuff tears in aging patients. The research established a correlation between specific angular measurements and the presence of cuff pathology. This metric may serve as a valuable radiographic tool for early risk stratification and preventive care.

36. Rosenow CS, Raval P, Sanchez-Sotelo J, et al. The cruciate double rip-stop technique: an all-suture distal triceps tendon repair technique combining a pulley mechanism and racking hitch knots. JSES Reviews, Reports, and Techniques 2026. doi:10.1016/j.xrrt.2025.100595

The authors describe a novel all-suture distal triceps tendon repair technique utilizing a cruciate double rip-stop configuration with a pulley mechanism and racking hitch knots. This method aims to enhance suture holding strength and reduce the risk of pull-through in triceps repairs. The technique provides a robust alternative for surgeons managing complex triceps tendon ruptures.

37. Ziegenfuss BL, Shuker T, Cutbush K. Salter-Harris type III fracture-dislocation of the glenoid: a case report. JSES Reviews, Reports, and Techniques 2026. doi:10.1016/j.xrrt.2025.100596

This case report presents a rare instance of a Salter-Harris type III fracture-dislocation of the glenoid in a pediatric patient. The authors detail the diagnostic challenges and the surgical management required to restore joint stability and growth potential. The report highlights the importance of recognizing this specific injury pattern to prevent long-term sequelae in young athletes.

39. Sylvester D, Ghayyad K, Goltz D, et al. Glenoid grafting in the first stage of 2-stage revision shoulder arthroplasty in the setting of infection: a technical note. JSES Reviews, Reports, and Techniques 2026. doi:10.1016/j.xrrt.2025.100598

This technical note outlines a method for glenoid grafting during the first stage of a two-stage revision shoulder arthroplasty for periprosthetic joint infection. The technique involves using structural grafts to restore bone stock and joint geometry prior to reimplantation. This strategy facilitates successful reimplantation by addressing significant bone loss in infected revision scenarios.

40. Honoki K, Wengle L, Burkhart TA, et al. Timing of surgery in professional baseball—an analysis of Major League Baseball pitchers who underwent ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction. JSES Reviews, Reports, and Techniques 2026. doi:10.1016/j.xrrt.2025.100599

An analysis of Major League Baseball pitchers was performed to determine the optimal timing for ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction relative to the competitive season. The study found that surgery performed during the off-season resulted in better return-to-play rates and shorter recovery times compared to in-season interventions. These findings support scheduling UCL reconstruction during the off-season to maximize athletic performance outcomes.

43. Greaves G, Ramadi A, Beaupre L, et al. Arthroscopic anterior glenoid reconstruction using distal tibial allograft with suture button fixation: 2-year postoperative clinical outcomes. JSES Reviews, Reports, and Techniques 2026. doi:10.1016/j.xrrt.2025.100602

This study evaluated the 2-year postoperative clinical outcomes of arthroscopic anterior glenoid reconstruction using distal tibial allografts secured with suture button fixation. Patients demonstrated significant improvements in stability and functional scores, with low rates of graft failure or recurrent instability at the 2-year mark. The technique appears to be a safe and effective alternative for managing anterior glenoid bone loss, particularly in patients where autograft harvest is undesirable.

50. Lee-Rey SM, Haran H, Wilhelm CV, et al. Evaluating characteristics and academic influence of the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons' Charles S. Neer award-winning research studies. JSES Reviews, Reports, and Techniques 2026. doi:10.1016/j.xrrt.2025.100610

Researchers evaluated the characteristics and academic impact of research studies that won the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons' Charles S. Neer award. The analysis revealed that award-winning studies often demonstrate high citation rates and influence future research directions in shoulder and elbow surgery. These findings suggest that recognizing and replicating the methodological rigor of award-winning work can elevate the overall quality of academic output in the field.

51. Palacios-Díaz L, Diez Sánchez B, Sanchez-Urgelles P, et al. Is it safe for the cuff to perform a full circumferential arthroscopic capsular release for frozen shoulder? A systematic review. JSES Reviews, Reports, and Techniques 2026. doi:10.1016/j.xrrt.2025.100612

This systematic review assessed the safety of performing full circumferential arthroscopic capsular release for frozen shoulder in patients with a concomitant rotator cuff tear. The review found that the procedure appears safe with low rates of iatrogenic cuff injury when performed by experienced surgeons. Clinically, this supports the consideration of capsular release as a viable treatment option for frozen shoulder even in the presence of cuff pathology.

55. Moews LD, Hyeamang LJ, Hornung AL, et al. Long-term outcomes of hemiarthroplasty for complex proximal humerus fractures: a systematic review of clinical studies with minimum 10-year follow-up. JSES Reviews, Reports, and Techniques 2026. doi:10.1016/j.xrrt.2025.100616

A systematic review analyzed long-term clinical outcomes of hemiarthroplasty for complex proximal humerus fractures with a minimum 10-year follow-up. The review found that while hemiarthroplasty provides durable pain relief, it is associated with significant rates of glenoid erosion and functional limitations over time. These findings highlight the need for careful patient selection and suggest that alternative fixation methods may be preferable for long-term durability.

60. Haase LR, Lord K, Wiater JM. Acromioclavicular joint reconstruction using a drill-free technique: a case series and technical description. JSES Reviews, Reports, and Techniques 2026. doi:10.1016/j.xrrt.2025.100622

A case series is presented evaluating a drill-free technique for acromioclavicular joint reconstruction to minimize bone loss and surgical complexity. The results indicate that this method achieves stable fixation and favorable clinical outcomes with reduced operative time. This approach may become a preferred option for surgeons seeking to simplify AC joint stabilization procedures.

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