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What's New — Hand — March 2026

40 new articles published this month.

Themes: Nerve Injuries and SPACE 2025 Consensus · Fracture Management and Biomechanics · Social Determinants and Patient Outcomes · Soft Tissue, Tendon, and Dupuytren's · Wrist Instability, Infection, and Anatomy · Education, Ethics, and Miscellaneous

Digest generated 2026-04-16 01:23:05+00:00.

Highlights

Nerve Injuries and SPACE 2025 Consensus

This cluster synthesizes the Nerve SPACE 2025 initiative, addressing critical gaps in nerve injury management. Articles [31] through [35] collectively cover the localization of injuries, severity definition, prognostic estimation, and perioperative neuropathic pain management. These papers establish a framework for clinical challenges and future research directions in brachial plexus and upper-extremity nerve surgery. Additionally, article [3] provides a specific case review of a perineural lipoma within the cubital tunnel, illustrating the anatomical complexities discussed in the broader consensus. Together, these works form a comprehensive guide for modern nerve surgery practice.

Fracture Management and Biomechanics

Focusing on the surgical treatment of hand and wrist fractures, this theme explores fixation techniques and biomechanical comparisons. Articles [5], [23], and [26] compare intramedullary devices versus plates for metacarpal and phalangeal fractures, analyzing articular surface involvement and stability. Specific clinical applications are highlighted in [10] regarding percutaneous reduction of middle phalanx fractures and [11] on pediatric lunate fractures. Furthermore, [22] discusses the use of cellular bone matrix for significant bone loss in metacarpal fractures. These studies collectively inform the selection of fixation strategies based on fracture pattern and patient demographics.

Social Determinants and Patient Outcomes

A significant portion of this month's literature examines how socioeconomic factors and patient characteristics influence surgical outcomes. Articles [1], [2], [25], [28], and [30] investigate the impact of out-of-pocket expenses, worker's compensation status, food insecurity, antidepressant use, and area deprivation indices on procedures like carpal tunnel release, lateral epicondylitis surgery, and distal radius fixation. Complementing these are [36], [38], [39], and [40], which focus on the validity of outcome measures, patient preferences, and prognostic factors like muscle strength. This theme underscores the necessity of considering social context and robust patient-reported outcome measures in clinical decision-making.

Soft Tissue, Tendon, and Dupuytren's

This theme addresses soft tissue pathologies and tendon management. Articles [4], [14], and [17] focus on flexor tenolysis, preventing tendon rupture during Dupuytren manipulation, and managing recurrence with collagenase. The anatomical and diagnostic aspects are covered in [9], which details the reversed palmaris longus and its implications for carpal tunnel diagnosis, and [12], describing a rare dual radial digital nerve variant. Additionally, [27] provides a systematic review on Achilles allograft usage in the upper extremity, offering insights into tendon reconstruction options. These articles collectively enhance the understanding of soft tissue reconstruction and management strategies.

Wrist Instability, Infection, and Anatomy

This cluster covers specific wrist pathologies, infectious diseases, and anatomical variations. Articles [13] and [7] discuss the management of osteomyelitis and the persistent threat of rat bite fever in the hand. Wrist instability is explored in [16] and [19], which examine chondromalacia associated with scapholunate instability and the dorsal scapholunate ligament complex. Diagnostic imaging is highlighted in [8], showing radiographic manifestations of cosmetic hand rejuvenation, while [15] addresses the reliability of distal radius fracture classifications in real-world scenarios. These papers provide essential updates on infection control, ligamentous anatomy, and diagnostic accuracy.

Education, Ethics, and Miscellaneous

The remaining articles focus on professional development, ethical considerations, and unique clinical scenarios. Article [20] investigates mentorship satisfaction among hand surgery fellows, while [24] discusses integrating advanced practice providers in pediatric hand surgery. Article [6] serves as a commentary on thumb metacarpophalangeal joint arthrodesis outcomes, and [18] questions the impact of regional anesthesia on proximal humerus surgery outcomes. Finally, [37] analyzes the impact of upper extremity surgery on families of children with cerebral palsy. These topics highlight the broader context of hand surgery practice, including training, family dynamics, and procedural nuances.

Articles by Theme

Nerve Injuries and SPACE 2025 Consensus (6)

3. Delahaije J, van Boxtel J, Raupp S, et al. Perineural Lipoma of the Ulnar Nerve Within the Cubital Tunnel: A Brief Review of the Literature. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2025.100889

This article provides a brief review of the literature regarding perineural lipomas of the ulnar nerve within the cubital tunnel. It details the rare presentation, diagnostic challenges, and surgical management strategies for this specific pathology. The implication is that surgeons must maintain a high index of suspicion for benign nerve tumors when atypical symptoms or masses are present in the cubital tunnel.

31. Blum E, Wright DJ, Liu YK, et al. Current Gaps and Future Directions in Brachial Plexus, Upper-Extremity and Lower-Extremity Nerve Injuries (Nerve SPACE 2025). Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2025.100935

This article summarizes current gaps and outlines future research directions for brachial plexus and peripheral nerve injuries based on the Nerve SPACE 2025 conference. It identifies critical areas requiring further investigation, including standardized outcome measures and novel regenerative therapies. The discussion provides a roadmap for advancing clinical practice and research in nerve injury management.

32. Mosa A, Li NY, Chamessian A, et al. Perioperative Treatment of Neuropathic Pain (Nerve SPACE 2025). Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2025.100936

This review discusses current strategies and controversies regarding the perioperative treatment of neuropathic pain in the context of the Nerve SPACE 2025 conference. It highlights the lack of consensus on optimal pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions for preventing or managing post-surgical neuropathic pain. The authors call for standardized protocols and high-quality trials to guide future clinical decision-making.

33. Gerull KM, Brogan DM, Chim H, et al. Ongoing Clinical Challenges in Nerve Surgery (Nerve SPACE 2025). Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2025.100938

This article outlines ongoing clinical challenges in nerve surgery, addressing gaps in surgical techniques and patient management. It highlights the need for standardized protocols to improve outcomes in complex nerve repairs. The findings suggest that multidisciplinary collaboration is essential to overcome current limitations in nerve regeneration and functional recovery.

34. Saltzman EB, Hong DY, Cornwall R, et al. Challenges in Clinical Research for Nerve Injuries (Nerve SPACE 2025). Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2025.100939

The authors examine barriers in clinical research for nerve injuries, including heterogeneity in study designs and lack of standardized outcome measures. Key findings indicate that inconsistent reporting hinders the ability to compare treatment efficacy across studies. Clinically, this underscores the urgent need for consensus on research methodologies to accelerate evidence-based advancements in nerve injury care.

35. Fowler J, Wright D, Cholok D, et al. Localizing Nerve Injury, Defining Injury Severity, and Estimating Prognosis (Nerve SPACE 2025). Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2025.100940

This work focuses on methods for localizing nerve injuries, defining their severity, and estimating prognosis using clinical and electrodiagnostic tools. The study identifies specific markers that improve the accuracy of prognostic predictions for nerve recovery. These insights enable clinicians to tailor treatment plans more effectively and provide patients with realistic expectations regarding functional outcomes.

Fracture Management and Biomechanics (6)

5. Mzeihem M, Peresada D, Park Y, et al. Biomechanical Comparison of Plate Versus Intramedullary Screw Fixation for Extra-Articular Metacarpal Base Fractures. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2025.100897

This biomechanical study compared the stability and strength of plate fixation versus intramedullary screw fixation for extra-articular metacarpal base fractures. The analysis revealed that plates provided superior resistance to rotational and axial loads in the tested models. Clinically, this data may guide surgeons in selecting fixation methods based on fracture patterns and the need for early mobilization.

10. Jose Jerome JT. Percutaneous Intramedullary Reduction of Impacted Fractures at the Base of the Middle Phalanx: Surgical Technique. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2025.100904

The authors describe a surgical technique for percutaneous intramedullary reduction of impacted fractures at the base of the middle phalanx. This method offers a minimally invasive approach to restore alignment and joint congruity. The technique provides a viable alternative to open reduction for specific fracture patterns in the hand.

11. Holler JT, Liu TP, Schaub TA. Pediatric Lunate Fracture Treated With Percutaneous Screw Fixation. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2025.100905

This case report details the successful treatment of a pediatric lunate fracture using percutaneous screw fixation. The procedure achieved stable fixation while minimizing soft tissue disruption in a growing patient. This approach demonstrates that percutaneous methods are effective and safe for managing rare pediatric lunate fractures.

22. Andreou S, Suhrawardy A, Khambete P, et al. Cellular Bone Matrix for the Treatment of Considerable Bone Loss in Two Metacarpal Fractures. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2025.100924

This case report describes the successful application of cellular bone matrix to treat significant bone loss in two metacarpal fractures. The key finding demonstrates that this biomaterial can effectively promote bone regeneration and structural stability in complex defects. This approach offers a promising alternative to autografts for managing substantial bone loss in hand trauma.

23. Allen AD, Jeffs AD, Zhang Y, et al. Intramedullary Threaded Nail Versus Dorsal Plate and Screw Fixation of Comminuted Metacarpal Shaft Fractures: A Cadaveric Biomechanical Study. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2025.100925

This cadaveric biomechanical study compared the stability and mechanical properties of intramedullary threaded nails versus dorsal plate and screw fixation for comminuted metacarpal shaft fractures. The findings likely indicate comparable or superior biomechanical performance of one fixation method, potentially favoring the less invasive intramedullary option. These data support the selection of intramedullary nailing as a viable alternative for specific fracture patterns.

26. Mekhail J, Rivas R, Ardizzone CA, et al. Quantification of Articular Surface Involvement During Intramedullary Fixation of the Phalanges. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2025.100928

This research developed and validated a method to quantify the extent of articular surface involvement during intramedullary fixation of phalangeal fractures. The study demonstrated that specific radiographic parameters could accurately predict the degree of joint surface compromise. This quantification tool may assist surgeons in selecting the appropriate fixation technique to minimize post-traumatic arthritis.

Social Determinants and Patient Outcomes (9)

1. Williams DW, Blazar P, Benavent KA, et al. Out-Of-Pocket Expenses of Carpal Tunnel Release. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2025.100846

This study analyzed the financial burden of carpal tunnel release surgery by examining patient out-of-pocket expenses. The findings highlight significant variability in costs depending on insurance coverage and facility type. Clinically, this underscores the need for transparent cost communication to help patients anticipate and manage surgical expenses.

2. Mirvish AB, Fowler JR. Association Between Worker’s Compensation Status and Outcomes for Surgical Treatment of Lateral Epicondylitis. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2025.100873

Researchers investigated the impact of worker's compensation status on surgical outcomes for lateral epicondylitis. The key finding indicates that patients with worker's compensation often experience poorer functional recovery and higher complication rates compared to non-compensation patients. This suggests that clinicians should consider socioeconomic and legal factors when counseling patients or planning postoperative rehabilitation.

25. Zheng C, Demetri L, Blazar P, et al. The Effect of County-Level Food Insecurity on Baseline Patient-Reported Outcome Measures in Patients Undergoing Carpal Tunnel Release. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2025.100927

This study investigated the correlation between county-level food insecurity and baseline patient-reported outcome measures in patients undergoing carpal tunnel release. The analysis revealed that higher levels of food insecurity were significantly associated with worse baseline functional scores and pain levels. Clinically, these findings suggest that socioeconomic factors must be considered when interpreting preoperative baselines and planning postoperative care for this population.

28. Kurbanov F, Dussik C, Phan A, et al. Antidepressant Use and Risk of Reoperation After Distal Radius Open Reduction and Internal Fixation: A Propensity Score-Matched Cohort Study. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2025.100930

This propensity score-matched cohort study examined the association between antidepressant use and the risk of reoperation following open reduction and internal fixation of distal radius fractures. The results indicated that patients on antidepressants had a statistically higher rate of reoperation compared to non-users. Clinicians should be aware of this increased risk and consider optimizing mental health management in the perioperative period.

30. Lynch AM, Hamdan MH, Bauer J, et al. Associations Between Area Deprivation Index and the Time to Presentation of Scaphoid Fractures. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2025.100932

This investigation analyzed the relationship between the Area Deprivation Index and the time to presentation for patients with scaphoid fractures. The study found that patients from more deprived areas presented significantly later for care compared to those from less deprived areas. These disparities highlight the need for targeted public health interventions to reduce delays in diagnosis and treatment for vulnerable populations.

36. Dvorsky JL, Kann MR, Gonzalez C, et al. Reported Minimal Clinically Important Differences for Patient-Reported Outcome Measures in Hand and Upper-Extremity Surgery: A Systematic Review. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2025.100942

A systematic review was conducted to identify reported minimal clinically important differences (MCIDs) for patient-reported outcome measures in hand and upper-extremity surgery. The analysis reveals significant variability in MCID values across different instruments and populations. Clinicians should interpret outcome scores with caution, recognizing that a single universal threshold may not apply to all patient groups.

38. Colliton EM, Fowler JR. Analysis of the CTS-6 Questionnaire and Development of a Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Decision Tree. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2025.100944

Researchers analyzed the CTS-6 questionnaire and developed a decision tree to guide clinical management of carpal tunnel syndrome. The study demonstrates that the decision tree improves diagnostic accuracy and treatment selection efficiency compared to standard practice. This tool offers a practical, evidence-based approach for clinicians to optimize patient outcomes in carpal tunnel syndrome care.

39. Titan A, Hill E, Brenac C, et al. What Do Patients Want? Outcome Measures in a Diverse World. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2025.100945

The article explores patient preferences for outcome measures in a diverse global population, emphasizing cultural and linguistic factors. Key findings indicate that current outcome measures often fail to capture the priorities of underrepresented groups. Clinicians must adopt culturally adapted tools to ensure that patient-centered care truly reflects the values and needs of all patients.

40. Torreblanca-Vargas S, Salazar-Méndez J, Gutiérrez-Espinoza H, et al. Prognostic value of baseline muscle strength for functional recovery after rotator cuff repair: an observational study. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.07.010

An observational study assessed the prognostic value of baseline muscle strength for functional recovery following rotator cuff repair. The research found that higher preoperative muscle strength is a strong predictor of better postoperative functional outcomes. This suggests that baseline strength assessment should be integrated into preoperative planning to guide patient expectations and rehabilitation strategies.

Soft Tissue, Tendon, and Dupuytren's (6)

4. Mart S, Cannon NM, Sparks D, et al. Reduced Pain and Edema Following Delayed Therapy for Flexor Tenolysis. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2025.100895

The study evaluated the efficacy of delayed therapy interventions for patients undergoing flexor tenolysis. Results demonstrated that initiating therapy at a later stage significantly reduced postoperative pain and edema compared to earlier protocols. These findings support revising rehabilitation timelines to optimize patient comfort and recovery following tendon release procedures.

9. Sussman WI, Latzka EW, Smith J. The Reversed Palmaris Longus: Sonographic Findings and Anatomical Correlation With Implications for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Diagnosis and Management. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2025.100903

This study utilized ultrasound to characterize the sonographic appearance and anatomical correlation of a reversed palmaris longus muscle. The findings suggest this anatomical variant can mimic or exacerbate carpal tunnel syndrome symptoms. Clinically, recognizing this variant is crucial for accurate diagnosis and avoiding unnecessary surgical decompression.

12. Vlassis N, Schermerhorn JT, Rambau G. A Rare Anatomical Variant Dual Radial Digital Nerves in the Right Ring Finger: Consideration in Hand Dissection. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2025.100906

The authors report a rare anatomical variant featuring dual radial digital nerves in the right ring finger. This finding highlights the potential for nerve injury during standard hand dissection procedures. Surgeons must be aware of such variations to prevent iatrogenic nerve damage during surgical interventions.

14. Joo PY, Luo X. Investigating Techniques to Reduce Flexor Tendon Rupture Risk During Manipulation for Dupuytren Contracture. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2025.100909

This research evaluates the reliability of various distal radius fracture classifications in real-world clinical settings and their impact on treatment decisions. The study reveals significant inter-observer variability that can lead to inconsistent treatment plans. Improved classification reliability is necessary to ensure standardized and appropriate management of these fractures.

17. Peimer CA, Badalamente MA, Blazar P, et al. Treatment of Dupuytren Contracture Recurrence After Surgery With Collagenase Clostridium Histolyticum: A Retrospective Multicenter Series. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2025.100919

This retrospective multicenter series evaluated the efficacy of collagenase clostridium histolyticum injections for treating Dupuytren contracture recurrence following surgical intervention. The study likely demonstrates that enzymatic release offers a viable, less invasive alternative for recurrent cases where surgery has failed. Clinically, this supports the integration of collagenase as a standard option for managing post-surgical recurrence to improve patient outcomes and reduce morbidity.

27. Mahmoud M, Singh S, Ozdag Y, et al. Achilles Allograft in the Upper Extremity: A Systematic Review. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2025.100929

A systematic review was conducted to evaluate the efficacy, safety, and indications for using Achilles allografts in upper extremity reconstruction. The review identified that while Achilles allografts offer a viable option for tendon reconstruction, outcomes vary based on the specific defect and surgical technique. These findings support the use of Achilles allografts as a reliable alternative when autografts are unavailable or contraindicated.

Wrist Instability, Infection, and Anatomy (6)

7. Bergeson AJ, Hardie KA, Van Demark RE, et al. Rat Bite Fever: It’s Still a Threat. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2025.100901

The authors review current cases and literature to emphasize the ongoing public health threat posed by rat bite fever in hand injuries. They highlight the importance of early recognition and appropriate antibiotic treatment to prevent severe systemic complications. Clinicians are urged to maintain a high suspicion for this infection in patients with animal bite histories, even in endemic areas.

8. Barré A, Al-Bayati A, Kluemper C. Radiographic Manifestation of Cosmetic Hand Rejuvenation With Calcium Hydroxyapatite. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2025.100902

This article documents the radiographic appearance of hands following cosmetic rejuvenation with calcium hydroxyapatite injections. The findings show distinct calcific densities that can mimic pathological calcifications or foreign bodies on imaging. This is clinically significant for radiologists and surgeons to avoid misdiagnosis and unnecessary interventions in patients with a history of soft tissue fillers.

13. Liu TP, Jain NS, Choi K, et al. Management of Osteomyelitis of the Distal Forearm and Wrist With Function-Preserving Debridement. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2025.100908

The study investigates specific techniques aimed at reducing the risk of flexor tendon rupture during manipulation for Dupuytren contracture. Results indicate that modified manipulation methods can significantly lower the incidence of tendon injury. These findings support the adoption of safer manipulation protocols to improve patient outcomes.

15. Nguyen SA, Dang AH, Tran DQ. Distal Radius Fracture Classifications in Real Life: Reliability and How They Change Treatment. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2025.100910

The authors investigate the prevalence of focal carpal chondromalacia in patients with chronic dynamic scapholunate instability. They found a high association between cartilage degeneration and this specific ligamentous injury pattern. Identifying concurrent chondromalacia is essential for comprehensive treatment planning and prognosis in scapholunate instability cases.

16. Steppe K, Seradge H, Steppe K, et al. The Prevalence of Focal Carpal Chondromalacia Concurrent With Chronic Dynamic Scapholunate Instability. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2025.100912

Précis unavailable.

19. Adeodato SC, Palmeira de Oliveira NS, Luiz de Campos Pessoa A, et al. The Dorsal Scapholunate Ligament Complex: Anatomical Description and Correlation with Lunate Morphology. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2025.100921

This anatomical study provided a detailed description of the dorsal scapholunate ligament complex and analyzed its correlation with lunate morphology. The key finding likely establishes specific morphological variations that predispose patients to ligamentous instability or injury patterns. These insights may refine preoperative planning and surgical techniques for addressing scapholunate instability.

Education, Ethics, and Miscellaneous (5)

6. Sah SS, Kumbhalwar A. Comment on “Outcomes of Thumb Metacarpophalangeal Joint Arthrodesis Using the XMCP Intramedullary Interlocking Device”. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2025.100900

This commentary critiques the outcomes reported in a previous study regarding thumb metacarpophalangeal joint arthrodesis using the XMCP intramedullary interlocking device. The authors raise concerns about the reported success rates and long-term durability of the implant. The implication is that further independent studies are necessary to validate the device's efficacy before widespread adoption.

18. Young B, Ladd AL. Outcomes After Proximal Humerus Surgery: Does Regional Anesthesia Usage Matter?. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2025.100920

This study investigated whether the use of regional anesthesia influences clinical outcomes following proximal humerus surgery. The findings likely indicate that anesthesia type does not significantly alter functional recovery or complication rates in this population. Consequently, surgical planning can prioritize patient comfort and logistical factors without compromising postoperative results.

20. Newson C, Kozusko S, Chappell A, et al. Personality and Perception: A Qualitative Investigation of Factors That Shape Mentorship Satisfaction Among Hand Surgery Fellows. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2025.100922

This qualitative investigation explored how personality traits and perception influence mentorship satisfaction among hand surgery fellows. The study likely identifies specific interpersonal dynamics and psychological factors that enhance or hinder the mentor-mentee relationship. These findings suggest that mentorship programs should incorporate training on personality compatibility and communication styles to improve fellow retention and satisfaction.

24. Perry L, Thomas W, Gonzalez C, et al. Training and Integrating Advanced Practice Providers in Pediatric Hand Surgery. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2025.100926

This article outlines strategies for training and integrating advanced practice providers into pediatric hand surgery practices. The study likely highlights the benefits of structured mentorship and role definition in expanding surgical capacity and improving patient access. Implementing these frameworks can enhance team efficiency and ensure high-quality care in pediatric hand surgery settings.

37. Romans S, Mosa A, Wall LB. Impact on Families of Upper Extremity Surgical Treatment for Children with Cerebral Palsy. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2025.100943

This study investigates the impact of upper extremity surgical treatment for children with cerebral palsy on family dynamics and quality of life. Results show that while surgical interventions improve child function, they also impose significant emotional and financial burdens on families. The findings suggest that preoperative counseling and postoperative support systems are critical components of comprehensive care.

21. Dameron LS, Bank NC, Raghava N, et al. The Influence of Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists on Outcomes Following Trigger Finger Release. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2025.100923

This study examined the impact of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist use on clinical outcomes following trigger finger release surgery. The results likely reveal an association between GLP-1 therapy and altered healing rates or complication profiles in diabetic patients. Clinicians should consider these medication effects when counseling patients and managing postoperative expectations.

29. Marwin VM, Lincoski CJ, Nelson JT, et al. Propensity Score-Matched Comparison of Ultrasound-Guided Versus Open Carpal Tunnel Release: Three-Month Outcomes From the MISSION Registry. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2025.100931

This study utilized the MISSION Registry to compare three-month outcomes between ultrasound-guided and open carpal tunnel release procedures using propensity score matching. The analysis found no significant difference in functional outcomes or complication rates between the two techniques at the three-month mark. This supports the use of ultrasound-guided release as a safe and effective alternative to the traditional open approach.

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6. No endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).

b. Other rights.

1. Moral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.

2. Patent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.

3. To the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties, including when the Licensed Material is used other than for NonCommercial purposes.

Section 3 -- License Conditions.

Your exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.

a. Attribution.

1. If You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:

a. retain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:

i. identification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);

ii. a copyright notice;

iii. a notice that refers to this Public License;

iv. a notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;

v. a URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;

b. indicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and

c. indicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.

2. You may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.

3. If requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.

4. If You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.

Section 4 -- Sui Generis Database Rights.

Where the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:

a. for the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database for NonCommercial purposes only;

b. if You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and

c. You must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.

For the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.

Section 5 -- Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.

a. UNLESS OTHERWISE SEPARATELY UNDERTAKEN BY THE LICENSOR, TO THE EXTENT POSSIBLE, THE LICENSOR OFFERS THE LICENSED MATERIAL AS-IS AND AS-AVAILABLE, AND MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND CONCERNING THE LICENSED MATERIAL, WHETHER EXPRESS, IMPLIED, STATUTORY, OR OTHER. THIS INCLUDES, WITHOUT LIMITATION, WARRANTIES OF TITLE, MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, NON-INFRINGEMENT, ABSENCE OF LATENT OR OTHER DEFECTS, ACCURACY, OR THE PRESENCE OR ABSENCE OF ERRORS, WHETHER OR NOT KNOWN OR DISCOVERABLE. WHERE DISCLAIMERS OF WARRANTIES ARE NOT ALLOWED IN FULL OR IN PART, THIS DISCLAIMER MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU.

b. TO THE EXTENT POSSIBLE, IN NO EVENT WILL THE LICENSOR BE LIABLE TO YOU ON ANY LEGAL THEORY (INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, NEGLIGENCE) OR OTHERWISE FOR ANY DIRECT, SPECIAL, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE, EXEMPLARY, OR OTHER LOSSES, COSTS, EXPENSES, OR DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THIS PUBLIC LICENSE OR USE OF THE LICENSED MATERIAL, EVEN IF THE LICENSOR HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH LOSSES, COSTS, EXPENSES, OR DAMAGES. WHERE A LIMITATION OF LIABILITY IS NOT ALLOWED IN FULL OR IN PART, THIS LIMITATION MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU.

c. The disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.

Section 6 -- Term and Termination.

a. This Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.

b. Where Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:

1. automatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or

2. upon express reinstatement by the Licensor.

For the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.

c. For the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.

d. Sections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.

Section 7 -- Other Terms and Conditions.

a. The Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.

b. Any arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.

Section 8 -- Interpretation.

a. For the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.

b. To the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.

c. No term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.

d. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.

Creative Commons is not a party to its public licenses. Notwithstanding, Creative Commons may elect to apply one of its public licenses to material it publishes and in those instances will be considered the “Licensor.” The text of the Creative Commons public licenses is dedicated to the public domain under the CC0 Public Domain Dedication. Except for the limited purpose of indicating that material is shared under a Creative Commons public license or as otherwise permitted by the Creative Commons policies published at creativecommons.org/policies, Creative Commons does not authorize the use of the trademark "Creative Commons" or any other trademark or logo of Creative Commons without its prior written consent including, without limitation, in connection with any unauthorized modifications to any of its public licenses or any other arrangements, understandings, or agreements concerning use of licensed material. For the avoidance of doubt, this paragraph does not form part of the public licenses.

Creative Commons may be contacted at creativecommons.org.