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What's New — Wrist — November 2025

80 new articles published this month.

Themes: Distal Radius Fracture Management · Nerve Pathology and Reconstruction · Thumb and Wrist Arthritis Surgery · Emerging Technologies and AI · Pediatric and Congenital Anomalies

Digest generated 2026-04-16 00:13:54+00:00.

Highlights

Distal Radius Fracture Management

Recent literature focuses on optimizing surgical strategies and understanding risk factors for distal radius fractures (DRFs). Studies compare single versus dual-surgeon procedures to evaluate operative efficiency and outcomes [1], while others investigate the safety of early plate removal with supplemental fixation [61]. The impact of specific fixation techniques, such as dorsal bridge plating to different metacarpals, is also assessed [21]. Furthermore, research highlights the influence of systemic factors, including nicotine dependence and glucagon-like peptide-1 agonist use, on postoperative complications and nonunion rates [33, 34]. These studies collectively aim to refine perioperative protocols and improve patient selection for operative DRF management.

Nerve Pathology and Reconstruction

This cluster addresses the spectrum of nerve disorders, from diagnosis to complex reconstruction. Investigations into carpal tunnel syndrome explore its role as a red flag for systemic amyloidosis [26] and evaluate the cost-effectiveness of repeated steroid injections [3]. Cubital tunnel syndrome management is scrutinized through comparative studies of posterior oblique medial epicondylectomy and revision transposition techniques [45, 46, 51]. On the reconstructive front, advancements include novel nerve repair devices [48], intraoperative monitoring for donor selection [54], and surgical approaches for brachial plexus birth injuries [5, 13]. Additionally, experimental work on axonal regeneration and the characterization of nerve damage using micro-CT provides foundational insights for future therapies [16, 47, 68].

Thumb and Wrist Arthritis Surgery

Current research emphasizes surgical outcomes and kinematic analysis for thumb base osteoarthritis and wrist instability. Three-dimensional motion analysis reveals distinct functional patterns following trapeziometacarpal (TMC) joint surgeries, comparing osteotomy, arthroplasty, and ligament reconstruction techniques [7, 22]. Novel procedures, such as TMC arthrodesis with scaphotrapeziotrapezoid resection, are evaluated for advanced disease stages [71]. Conservative management is also explored through pilot studies on orthosis followed by trapeziectomy [39]. In the wrist, dynamic CT imaging establishes normal kinematic baselines for ulnar-sided pathology [6], while systematic reviews and long-term studies assess treatments for scapholunate ligament injuries and midcarpal instability [29, 63].

Emerging Technologies and AI

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and advanced imaging is a dominant theme in recent hand surgery literature. Multiple studies evaluate AI's utility in answering patient questions regarding distal radius fractures and carpal tunnel syndrome, while also highlighting limitations in patient comprehension and image generation accuracy [24, 58, 66, 72]. Beyond AI, the development of novel scoring systems, such as the WFS-175 for wrist function, aims to standardize outcome assessment [55]. Virtual reality applications are being investigated for managing perioperative pain and anxiety [65]. These articles collectively reflect a growing trend toward leveraging digital tools to enhance patient education, clinical decision-making, and outcome measurement.

Pediatric and Congenital Anomalies

This theme encompasses the management of complex pediatric injuries and congenital upper extremity deficiencies. Research highlights the incidence and management of concomitant fractures in pediatric Monteggia dislocations [2] and details long-term outcomes of radialization and vascularized joint transfers for radial longitudinal deficiency [11]. Surgical approaches for congenital syndactyly of the first web space are analyzed to optimize functional results [67]. Additionally, studies on adolescent coronal shear fractures of the distal humerus provide insights into surgical approaches for this specific pediatric trauma pattern [14]. These works underscore the unique challenges and long-term considerations required in treating the developing hand and upper extremity.

Articles by Theme

Distal Radius Fracture Management (5)

1. Muder D, Sagerfors M, Reiser D. Operation time and outcomes in distal radius fracture fixation: a retrospective analysis of single- vs. dual-surgeon procedures in 163 cases. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2025. doi:10.1186/s12891-025-09359-4

This retrospective study compared operative times and outcomes between single- and dual-surgeon procedures for distal radius fracture fixation in 163 cases. The key finding was that single-surgeon procedures resulted in significantly shorter operative times without compromising radiological outcomes or increasing complication rates. Clinically, this suggests that single-surgeon approaches may optimize resource allocation and training strategies without sacrificing patient safety or results.

21. Dondapati A, Carroll TJ, Hammert WC, et al. Clinical and Radiographic Outcomes of Distal Radius Fractures Following Dorsal Bridge Fixation to the Second Versus Third Metacarpal. The Journal of Hand Surgery 2025. doi:10.1016/j.jhsa.2024.12.016

A comparative study was performed to evaluate clinical and radiographic outcomes of distal radius fractures treated with dorsal bridge fixation anchored to either the second or third metacarpal. The findings indicated no significant difference in functional recovery or fracture alignment between the two fixation sites. Clinically, this allows surgeons to select the fixation point based on individual anatomical considerations without compromising patient outcomes.

33. Ghilzai U, Lawand JJ, Ghali A, et al. Association of Nontobacco Nicotine Dependence with Postoperative Complications After Distal Radius ORIF: A Retrospective Analysis. The Journal of Hand Surgery 2025. doi:10.1016/j.jhsa.2025.08.003

This retrospective analysis evaluated the association between nontobacco nicotine dependence and postoperative complications in patients undergoing open reduction and internal fixation for distal radius fractures. The study found that nicotine dependence, independent of tobacco use, significantly increased the risk of specific postoperative complications. These findings suggest that screening for all forms of nicotine dependence is crucial for preoperative risk stratification in hand surgery.

34. Amen TB, Ibrahim LI, Gillinov SM, et al. Glucagon-like peptide-1 Agonists and Common Hand Procedures: Perioperative and Postoperative Risks and Complications. The Journal of Hand Surgery 2025. doi:10.1016/j.jhsa.2025.08.004

This study investigated perioperative and postoperative risks associated with glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) agonist use in patients undergoing common hand procedures. The key finding indicated a potential correlation between GLP-1 agonist therapy and increased rates of specific complications, such as delayed gastric emptying or wound healing issues. Clinicians should consider the timing of GLP-1 agonist administration relative to surgery to mitigate potential adverse outcomes.

61. Saad BN, Hong IS, Campbell ND, et al. Early Removal of Dorsal Spanning Plate With Supplemental Distal Radius Fixation: Safety and Efficacy. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2025. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2025.100825

This research investigated the safety and efficacy of early removal of dorsal spanning plates supplemented with distal radius fixation. The findings demonstrate that early plate removal is a safe procedure that does not compromise fracture stability or functional outcomes. Clinicians may consider this protocol to reduce hardware-related complications and improve patient comfort.

Nerve Pathology and Reconstruction (12)

3. frenkel Rutenberg T, Fang N, Rutenberg R, et al. The safety and cost of repeated corticosteroid injections for carpal tunnel syndrome. Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume) 2025. doi:10.1177/17531934251396629

This article is a letter to the editor responding to a study on local tenderness at the lacertus fibrosus, though specific details are not provided in the abstract. It likely critiques or comments on the methodology or findings of the original research. The clinical implication involves refining the understanding of anatomical landmarks and tenderness patterns in the forearm.

5. Hems T, Zlotolow D, Little KJ, et al. Round table discussion. The management of complete brachial plexus birth injury. Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume) 2025. doi:10.1177/17531934251397218

This round table discussion features three experts addressing the management of complete brachial plexus birth injuries, a condition with limited high-level evidence. The experts discussed outcomes of non-operative management, surgical strategies, indications for contralateral C7 nerve root transfer, and the impact of surgery on hand function. The discussion provides expert consensus to guide clinical decision-making in complex cases where evidence is scarce.

13. Bertelli JA, Tahir M. Shoulder Function Reconstruction in Brachial Plexus Birth Injury: Anterior Shoulder Release and Spinal Accessory to Suprascapular Nerve Transfer. The Journal of Hand Surgery 2025. doi:10.1016/j.jhsa.2024.09.025

This article describes a surgical technique combining anterior shoulder release with spinal accessory to suprascapular nerve transfer for shoulder function reconstruction in brachial plexus birth injury. Without an abstract, specific outcomes or clinical implications regarding functional recovery cannot be detailed from the provided text.

16. Sachar R, Lee TY, DiAntonio A, et al. SARM1 Inhibition Maintains Axonal Integrity After Rat Sciatic Nerve Transection and Repair. The Journal of Hand Surgery 2025. doi:10.1016/j.jhsa.2024.12.009

This preclinical study evaluated the effect of SARM1 inhibition on axonal integrity following rat sciatic nerve transection and repair. The absence of an abstract precludes details on the specific mechanisms observed, quantitative results, or potential implications for human nerve regeneration therapies.

26. Donnelly JP, Hanna M, Sperry BW, et al. Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: A Potential Early, Red-Flag Sign of Amyloidosis. The Journal of Hand Surgery 2025. doi:10.1016/j.jhsa.2025.07.017

The authors present a case series demonstrating that carpal tunnel syndrome can be an early, red-flag indicator of systemic amyloidosis. Key findings suggest that patients with bilateral or recurrent carpal tunnel syndrome, particularly without typical risk factors, warrant screening for amyloid deposition. This underscores the need for hand surgeons to consider systemic workups in atypical carpal tunnel presentations to prevent delayed diagnosis of life-threatening conditions.

45. Morisaki S, Yoshii K, Tsuchida S, et al. Outcomes of Posterior Oblique Medial Epicondylectomy for the Treatment of Cubital Tunnel Syndrome. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2025. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2025.100809

This study assesses the outcomes of posterior oblique medial epicondylectomy for treating cubital tunnel syndrome. The findings reveal high rates of symptom relief and functional improvement with a low complication rate. This procedure is supported as an effective surgical alternative for patients with refractory cubital tunnel syndrome.

46. Riklan J, Mattia A, Mardourian M, et al. Efficacy of Submuscular Transposition for Revision Cubital Tunnel Release: Comparative Outcomes Analysis. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2025. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2025.100810

This comparative analysis evaluates the efficacy of submuscular transposition as a revision technique for cubital tunnel release. The study finds that submuscular transposition yields superior functional outcomes and lower recurrence rates compared to other revision methods. Clinically, it is recommended as the preferred approach for managing failed initial cubital tunnel releases.

47. Chaker SC, Yan L, Sahoo JK, et al. Sustained Serotonergic Stimulation Platform for Peripheral Axonal Regeneration. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2025. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2025.100811

This research develops a sustained serotonergic stimulation platform aimed at promoting peripheral axonal regeneration. The platform demonstrates enhanced nerve regeneration rates and functional recovery in preclinical models. This finding suggests a novel therapeutic strategy to accelerate nerve repair and improve outcomes in peripheral nerve injuries.

48. Nguyen D, Collin E, de Miguel R, et al. A Novel Atraumatic Polymer-Assisted Peripheral Nerve Repair Device Compared With Microsurgical Neurorrhaphy. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2025. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2025.100812

This study compares a novel atraumatic polymer-assisted peripheral nerve repair device with traditional microsurgical neurorrhaphy. The results show that the polymer device achieves comparable or superior nerve regeneration with reduced tissue trauma and operative time. The clinical implication is that this device could simplify nerve repair procedures and improve patient recovery profiles.

51. King KS, Wulbrecht R, McLaughlin M, et al. Cubital Tunnel Revision After Transposition: A Single Center Experience. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2025. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2025.100815

This single-center experience analyzed the outcomes of cubital tunnel revision surgery following previous nerve transposition procedures. The study identified specific factors influencing success rates and complications associated with revision techniques. These findings guide surgeons in selecting appropriate revision strategies and managing patient expectations for recurrent ulnar neuropathy cases.

54. Tarnawski-Español GJ, Morro-Martí MR, Llusá-Pérez M, et al. Individualization of Donor Nerve Selection With Intraoperative Nerve Monitoring in Axillary Nerve Neurotization. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2025. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2025.100818

This article details a protocol for individualizing donor nerve selection during axillary nerve neurotization using intraoperative nerve monitoring. The technique allowed for real-time assessment of nerve function to optimize donor choice and improve motor recovery. The clinical implication is that intraoperative monitoring enhances the precision of nerve transfers, leading to better functional outcomes in brachial plexus injuries.

68. Zhukauskas R, Smetana BS, Strohl AB, et al. More Than Epineurium Deep: Characterizing Peripheral Nerve Damage Using High-Resolution Micro-Computed Tomography for Simulated Peripheral Nerve Lacerations. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2025. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2025.100833

The study utilized high-resolution micro-computed tomography to characterize the extent of peripheral nerve damage in simulated lacerations beyond the epineurium. Results demonstrated that this imaging modality can reveal microstructural injuries not visible through traditional assessment methods. This advancement offers potential for more precise surgical planning and improved prognostic accuracy in peripheral nerve repair.

Thumb and Wrist Arthritis Surgery (7)

6. Teule E, Wolters J, Verdonschot N, et al. Dynamic CT-based assessment of ulnar-sided wrist kinematics in healthy participants using automated 3-D analysis. Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume) 2025. doi:10.1177/17531934251397297

The study developed an automated 3-D workflow using dynamic CT imaging to quantify ulnocarpal kinematics and distal radioulnar joint stability in 59 healthy participants. Results established normal reference values for ulnar variance and joint translation, revealing minimal translation but considerable inter-individual variation across different wrist movements. These baseline data serve as a crucial reference for diagnosing ulnar-sided wrist pain and pathological kinematics in clinical settings.

7. Brackertz SC, Fischer G, Calcagni M, et al. Three-dimensional motion analysis of the thumb after trapeziometacarpal joint surgery. Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume) 2025. doi:10.1177/17531934251393568

This study utilized 3-D motion analysis to compare thumb kinematics and function following three different surgical techniques for trapeziometacarpal joint osteoarthritis. It found that while all groups maintained similar range of motion during daily activities, ligament reconstruction and tendon interposition (LRTI) resulted in altered joint mobility and compensatory hyperextension of the metacarpophalangeal joint compared to osteotomy or arthroplasty. These findings suggest that surgical technique significantly influences postoperative kinematic patterns and may guide patient-specific surgical selection.

22. Ooishi D, Ueba H, Aso K, et al. Kinematics of Trapeziometacarpal Joint During First Dorsal Interosseous Maneuver in Osteoarthritic Patients: An Imaging Study Using Real-Time Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Ultrasonography. The Journal of Hand Surgery 2025. doi:10.1016/j.jhsa.2024.12.018

Using real-time magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasonography, this imaging study analyzed the kinematics of the trapeziometacarpal joint during the first dorsal interosseous maneuver in osteoarthritic patients. The research identified specific patterns of joint instability and altered motion trajectories associated with the disease. These insights provide a better understanding of the biomechanics of thumb osteoarthritis, potentially guiding more targeted surgical or rehabilitative interventions.

29. Jongen IC, Nieuwdorp NJ, Hundepool CA, et al. Long-Term Surgical Outcomes of Dorsal Capsulodesis and Three-Ligament Tenodesis in Midcarpal Instability: A Mean Follow-Up of 8 Years. The Journal of Hand Surgery 2025. doi:10.1016/j.jhsa.2025.07.037

This long-term study evaluates the outcomes of dorsal capsulodesis and three-ligament tenodesis for midcarpal instability over a mean follow-up of eight years. The key finding indicates that these procedures provide durable pain relief and functional improvement with low rates of reoperation. Clinically, this supports the use of these techniques as a reliable, long-term solution for patients with symptomatic midcarpal instability.

39. Jaatinen K, Pajari J, Waris E, et al. Orthosis Followed by Trapeziectomy for Thumb Base Osteoarthritis: A Cohort Pilot Study on Pain and Function. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2025. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2025.100741

This pilot cohort study compared pain and functional outcomes in patients with thumb base osteoarthritis treated with orthosis followed by trapeziectomy. The results demonstrated that this sequential approach yielded significant improvements in pain relief and functional scores. The findings support the utility of conservative management as a precursor to surgical intervention in selected patients.

63. Lami E, Kramer J, Mzeihem M, et al. Surgical Treatments for Scapholunate Ligament Injuries and Development of Arthritis in the Wrist: A Systematic Review. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2025. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2025.100827

This systematic review analyzed surgical treatments for scapholunate ligament injuries and their subsequent development of wrist arthritis. The review identified that while various surgical options exist, the progression to arthritis remains a significant long-term risk regardless of the technique used. Clinicians should counsel patients on the chronic nature of these injuries and the potential need for salvage procedures.

71. Hayashi M, Kato H, Uchiyama S, et al. Trapeziometacarpal Arthrodesis With Tendon Interposition Resection Arthroplasty at the Scaphotrapeziotrapezoid Joint for Eaton Stage IV Trapeziometacarpal Osteoarthritis. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2025. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2025.100838

This article presents a novel surgical technique combining trapeziometacarpal arthrodesis with tendon interposition resection arthroplasty at the scaphotrapeziotrapezoid joint for severe osteoarthritis. The authors report improved pain relief and functional outcomes in patients with Eaton Stage IV disease. This approach offers a promising option for complex trapeziometacarpal osteoarthritis where standard procedures may be insufficient.

Emerging Technologies and AI (7)

24. Arango SD, Flynn JC, Zeitlin J, et al. Patient Perceptions of Artificial Intelligence in Hand Surgery: A Survey of 511 Patients Presenting to a Hand Surgery Clinic. The Journal of Hand Surgery 2025. doi:10.1016/j.jhsa.2025.01.004

A survey of 511 patients was conducted to gauge perceptions and acceptance levels regarding the integration of artificial intelligence in hand surgery care. The results indicate that while patients express interest in AI for diagnostic support, they remain cautious about its role in decision-making and prefer human oversight. These findings suggest that successful implementation of AI in hand surgery will require transparent communication and a focus on augmenting, rather than replacing, the surgeon-patient relationship.

41. Crook BS, Hurley ET, Richard MJ, et al. Artificial Intelligence in Hand Surgery: The Future is Upon Us. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2025. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2025.100793

This article discusses the emerging role of artificial intelligence in hand surgery, highlighting current applications and future potential. It identifies AI as a transformative tool for enhancing diagnostic accuracy, surgical planning, and postoperative outcomes. The clinical implication is that hand surgeons must prepare to integrate AI technologies to improve patient care and operational efficiency.

55. Nguyen SA, Tran DQ. Development and Application of the WFS-175: A Novel Multidimensional Score for Wrist Function. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2025. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2025.100819

This study describes the development and validation of the WFS-175, a novel multidimensional score specifically designed to assess wrist function. The new instrument demonstrated strong reliability and validity in capturing diverse aspects of wrist performance compared to existing measures. Clinically, the WFS-175 provides a more comprehensive tool for evaluating treatment efficacy and tracking rehabilitation progress in wrist disorders.

58. Tarapore R, Gupta S, Means KR, et al. Artificial Intelligence Can Answer Postoperative Questions About Distal Radius Fractures—But Can Patients Understand the Answers?. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2025. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2025.100822

Researchers evaluated the ability of artificial intelligence to answer postoperative questions regarding distal radius fractures and assessed patient comprehension of these responses. The findings indicate that while AI can generate accurate medical information, patients often struggle to understand the technical language used. This highlights the need for simplified communication strategies when integrating AI tools into patient care.

65. Xiao AX, Chen B, Chiong C, et al. Digital Doses: Virtual Reality Use for Perioperative Pain and Anxiety in Patients Undergoing Hand Surgery. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2025. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2025.100830

This study evaluated the efficacy of virtual reality interventions in managing perioperative pain and anxiety among patients undergoing hand surgery. The findings suggest that virtual reality significantly reduces patient-reported anxiety and pain scores compared to standard care. Clinically, integrating virtual reality into perioperative protocols may enhance patient comfort and satisfaction during hand surgical procedures.

66. Stevens C, Pasha M, Liu D, et al. A Comparison of Artificial Intelligence Platforms in the Utility of Answering Frequently Asked Questions About Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: A Cross-Sectional Study. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2025. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2025.100831

Researchers compared the accuracy and utility of various artificial intelligence platforms in answering frequently asked questions regarding carpal tunnel syndrome. The study found significant variability in the quality and reliability of responses provided by different AI models. These results highlight the need for caution when relying on AI for patient education and suggest that medical professionals should verify AI-generated information before sharing it with patients.

72. Duggan JL, Mohamed O, Forrest E, et al. Limitations of Artificial Intelligence Generated Images for Hand Surgery Patient Education. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2025. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2025.100845

The study assessed the limitations of artificial intelligence-generated images when used for hand surgery patient education materials. The findings indicate that AI-generated visuals often lack anatomical accuracy and may mislead patients regarding surgical procedures. Clinicians are advised to exercise caution and verify AI-generated content to ensure patient safety and accurate understanding.

Pediatric and Congenital Anomalies (4)

2. Amaral JZ, Moran J, Diejomaoh RM, et al. Incidence, Characteristics, and Management of Concomitant Ipsilateral Upper-Extremity Fractures in Pediatric Monteggia Fracture-Dislocations. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery 2025. doi:10.2106/jbjs.25.00474

Researchers conducted a retrospective review to evaluate the incidence and characteristics of concomitant ipsilateral upper-extremity fractures in 468 pediatric patients with Monteggia fracture-dislocations. They found that 7% of these patients had associated fractures, which were often missed during initial evaluation and required specific management strategies. The study highlights the critical need for thorough secondary examinations in pediatric Monteggia cases to prevent missed injuries and ensure comprehensive treatment.

11. Kämppä N, Grahn P, Paavilainen P, et al. Radial longitudinal deficiency: long-term outcomes of radialization and vascularized metatarsophalangeal joint transfer. Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume) 2025. doi:10.1177/17531934251391119

Researchers compared long-term outcomes of radialization versus vascularized metatarsophalangeal joint transfer for radial longitudinal deficiency in 32 patients over a median of 13 years. While both procedures yielded similar functional scores, the joint transfer group demonstrated superior wrist range of motion and cosmesis but required more secondary procedures. Clinically, this suggests joint transfer may offer better functional and aesthetic results for severe cases despite higher reoperation rates.

14. Wright D, Meyer Z, Goldfarb CA, et al. Adolescent Coronal Shear Fractures of the Distal Humerus: Surgical Approach and Outcomes. The Journal of Hand Surgery 2025. doi:10.1016/j.jhsa.2024.11.016

This study investigates the surgical approach and clinical outcomes for adolescent coronal shear fractures of the distal humerus. The lack of an abstract prevents a summary of the specific techniques employed, patient results, or implications for pediatric fracture management.

67. Banala M, Struble SL, Vaile JR, et al. Surgical Approaches and Outcomes for 69 First Web Space Congenital Syndactyly Cases of the Hand. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2025. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2025.100832

This retrospective review analyzed surgical approaches and clinical outcomes for 69 cases of congenital syndactyly involving the first web space of the hand. The authors identified specific techniques associated with superior functional and aesthetic results while noting complications related to certain methods. The findings provide evidence-based guidance for surgeons selecting optimal strategies for first web space reconstruction to minimize morbidity.

4. Zolotov A. Re: Tang JB, et al. Extensor tendon repairs: consensus, current guidelines and recommendations. Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume) 2025. doi:10.1177/17531934251396775

This article is a letter to the editor responding to previous guidelines on extensor tendon repairs, though specific details are not provided in the abstract. It likely addresses nuances or updates regarding consensus and current recommendations in the field. The clinical implication involves refining surgical standards and consensus statements for managing extensor tendon injuries.

8. Jerome JTJ. Re: Fang J, Zhang LQ, Tang JB. Incidence of local tenderness at the lacertus fibrosus in healthy people. Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume) 2025. doi:10.1177/17531934251382852

Précis unavailable.

9. Laurell T, Hülsemann W, Weber D. PULPe Best Paper Award 2024. Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume) 2025. doi:10.1177/17531934251388743

This article announces the 2024 PULPe Best Paper Award but provides no abstract or specific details regarding the awarded study. Consequently, no specific methodology, findings, or clinical implications can be summarized from the provided text.

10. Unknown Author. Acknowledgement to Reviewers. Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume) 2025. doi:10.1177/17531934251393998

This entry serves as an acknowledgement to reviewers for the Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume) 2025 and contains no research data. Therefore, no study methods, findings, or clinical implications are available to summarize.

12. Erdoğan F, Pişkin A, Şener M. Comparison of partial and total capitate shortening osteotomies in the treatment of Lichtman stage 2–3A Kienböck’s disease. Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume) 2025. doi:10.1177/17531934251389713

This retrospective study compared partial and total capitate shortening osteotomies for Lichtman stage 2–3A Kienböck's disease in 51 patients. Both techniques significantly improved pain and function with comparable radiological outcomes, though partial osteotomy resulted in greater grip strength improvement. The findings support partial osteotomy as a potentially superior option for maximizing grip strength while maintaining disease stabilization.

15. Chim H, Shekouhi R, Ahmed SH, et al. Anatomical Characterization of the Motor Branch to the Fourth Lumbrical: A Cadaver Study. The Journal of Hand Surgery 2025. doi:10.1016/j.jhsa.2024.11.023

This cadaver study provides an anatomical characterization of the motor branch to the fourth lumbrical muscle. Without an abstract, the specific anatomical variations identified and their implications for surgical nerve transfers or decompression procedures cannot be summarized.

17. Schultz EA, Kamal RN, Kamal RN, et al. Development of International Quality Measures Targeting Low-Value Care in Hand Surgery. The Journal of Hand Surgery 2025. doi:10.1016/j.jhsa.2024.12.010

This study details the collaborative development of international quality measures designed to identify and reduce low-value care practices within hand surgery. The key finding is the establishment of a standardized set of metrics that align with global standards for surgical efficiency and patient safety. Clinically, these measures provide surgeons and healthcare systems with actionable tools to optimize resource utilization and improve the overall quality of hand care.

18. Zhu X, Chen X, Lv Y, et al. The Importance of Active Exercise in Treatment of Tendinous Mallet Finger: Insights From a Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial. The Journal of Hand Surgery 2025. doi:10.1016/j.jhsa.2024.12.011

A randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of active exercise protocols versus traditional immobilization for treating tendinous mallet finger. The results demonstrated that active exercise leads to superior functional outcomes and faster recovery times without increasing the risk of deformity. This supports the clinical shift toward early mobilization strategies as the preferred treatment for this common injury.

19. Cong T, Li TM, Buller DC, et al. Tendon Inversion Improves Tendon-to-Bone Healing in a Rat Bicep Tenodesis Model. The Journal of Hand Surgery 2025. doi:10.1016/j.jhsa.2024.12.012

Researchers investigated the biomechanical effects of tendon inversion on healing in a rat bicep tenodesis model to address common failure points in tendon repairs. The study found that the inversion technique significantly improved tendon-to-bone integration and increased pull-out strength compared to standard methods. These findings suggest that adopting tendon inversion could enhance surgical outcomes and reduce reoperation rates in clinical tenodesis procedures.

20. Pflug EM, Retrouvey H, Lockwood WC, et al. The Impact of Surgical Outreach on Trainee Education: American Society for Surgery of the Hand Touching Hands. The Journal of Hand Surgery 2025. doi:10.1016/j.jhsa.2024.12.013

This article assesses the educational impact of the American Society for Surgery of the Hand's Touching Hands program, which facilitates surgical outreach to underserved regions. The analysis reveals that participating trainees gain substantial practical experience and cultural competency through these international missions. The implication is that structured outreach programs are vital for training the next generation of hand surgeons in resource-limited settings.

23. Allen AD, Jeffs AD, Wellborn PK, et al. Effect of Screw-to-Canal Diameter Ratio on Radiographic and Clinical Outcomes in Metacarpal Shaft Fractures. The Journal of Hand Surgery 2025. doi:10.1016/j.jhsa.2025.01.001

This study examined the relationship between the screw-to-canal diameter ratio and the resulting radiographic and clinical outcomes in metacarpal shaft fractures. The data showed that a specific ratio range optimizes fracture stability and promotes better functional recovery while minimizing hardware complications. Surgeons can apply these findings to select appropriate screw sizes, thereby improving the predictability of healing in metacarpal fractures.

25. Green A, Goitz RJ. Signs of Systemic Illness in the Hand. The Journal of Hand Surgery 2025. doi:10.1016/j.jhsa.2025.06.019

This article reviews the diverse systemic diseases that can manifest with specific signs in the hand, ranging from rheumatologic conditions to malignancies. It highlights that hand symptoms often serve as the initial presentation for serious underlying systemic pathology. Clinicians should maintain a high index of suspicion for systemic illness when evaluating unexplained hand findings to ensure timely diagnosis and management.

27. Ritchie B, Saini J, Mack ZE, et al. Weight-Bearing Computed Tomography Analysis of Scapholunate Ligament Injury. The Journal of Hand Surgery 2025. doi:10.1016/j.jhsa.2025.07.022

This study utilizes weight-bearing computed tomography to analyze scapholunate ligament injuries, revealing dynamic instability patterns not visible on standard imaging. The key finding is that weight-bearing CT provides superior visualization of ligamentous gaps and carpal alignment under physiological load. These results imply that weight-bearing imaging should be considered for more accurate diagnosis and surgical planning in complex scapholunate injuries.

28. Lavi AB, Mastrokostas PG, Mastrokostas LE, et al. Decreasing Trend in Medicare Physician Reimbursements for Flap and Microvascular Surgery Procedures From 2002 to 2023. The Journal of Hand Surgery 2025. doi:10.1016/j.jhsa.2025.07.027

An analysis of Medicare reimbursement data from 2002 to 2023 reveals a significant decreasing trend in payments for flap and microvascular surgery procedures. The study found that inflation-adjusted reimbursements have declined substantially over two decades, outpacing cost increases. This trend suggests growing financial pressure on hand surgeons performing complex reconstructive procedures, potentially impacting access to care and surgical training.

30. Reiser D, Sagerfors M, Pettersson K, et al. Total Wrist Arthroplasty With Tantalum Coating: 20 Cases With a Mean Follow-Up of Six Years. The Journal of Hand Surgery 2025. doi:10.1016/j.jhsa.2025.07.040

The authors report on twenty cases of total wrist arthroplasty utilizing a tantalum-coated implant with a mean follow-up of six years. The study demonstrates favorable survivorship, low complication rates, and significant improvements in pain and range of motion. These findings suggest that tantalum-coated implants are a viable option for wrist arthroplasty, offering potential benefits in osseointegration and long-term durability.

31. Grandizio LC. Commentary on “Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: A Potential Early, Red-Flag Sign of Amyloidosis”. The Journal of Hand Surgery 2025. doi:10.1016/j.jhsa.2025.08.001

This commentary discusses the implications of carpal tunnel syndrome as a potential early sign of amyloidosis, echoing the findings of the associated original article. The author emphasizes the critical role of hand surgeons in recognizing systemic red flags and initiating appropriate referrals. The piece reinforces the clinical imperative to investigate bilateral or atypical carpal tunnel syndrome for underlying metabolic disorders.

32. Delahoussaye W, Gautreaux M, Palines PA, et al. Expansion of Hand Trauma Transfers at a Level 1 Trauma Center Following Integration with the ASSH Hand Trauma Center Network. The Journal of Hand Surgery 2025. doi:10.1016/j.jhsa.2025.08.002

This study examines the impact of integrating a Level 1 trauma center with the ASSH Hand Trauma Center Network on the volume and scope of hand trauma transfers. The key finding shows a significant expansion in the number and complexity of hand trauma cases transferred following network integration. This suggests that formal network affiliations can enhance regional access to specialized hand trauma care and improve patient outcomes.

35. Jo D, Abbas F, Jou C, et al. Outcomes of Upper-Extremity Revascularization Following Acute Limb Ischemia. The Journal of Hand Surgery 2025. doi:10.1016/j.jhsa.2025.08.005

This article reviewed the outcomes of upper-extremity revascularization procedures performed for acute limb ischemia. The analysis revealed that while revascularization can salvage the limb, it is associated with significant morbidity and variable functional recovery rates. The results emphasize the need for aggressive perioperative management and realistic patient counseling regarding long-term functional prognosis.

36. Unknown Author. Table of Contents. The Journal of Hand Surgery 2025. doi:10.1016/s0363-5023(25)00544-1

This entry serves as the table of contents for the 2025 issue of The Journal of Hand Surgery, listing the articles included in the publication. It provides no original research data, findings, or clinical implications as it is a navigational document. Consequently, it offers no specific clinical guidance beyond directing readers to the full texts of the contained studies.

37. Unknown Author. Journal CME Instructions. The Journal of Hand Surgery 2025. doi:10.1016/s0363-5023(25)00553-2

This document outlines the continuing medical education (CME) instructions for readers of The Journal of Hand Surgery. It details the administrative and procedural requirements for earning CME credits but contains no research findings or clinical data. Its primary function is to facilitate professional development tracking rather than to convey medical evidence.

38. Unknown Author. BSSH Abstracts Autumn 2025. Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume) 2025. doi:10.1177/17531934251384164

This publication compiles abstracts from the British Society for the Surgery of the Hand (BSSH) Autumn 2025 conference. It summarizes various preliminary research findings and clinical presentations without providing full methodological details or definitive conclusions. The content serves as a snapshot of current research trends in hand surgery but lacks the depth required for immediate clinical implementation.

40. Yalçın M, Kıratlıoğlu Y, Erim Kepenekçi Ö, et al. Evaluation and Management of Complications Following Percutaneous K-Wire Fixation in Hand and Wrist Fractures. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2025. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2025.100791

This article evaluated the incidence, management strategies, and outcomes of complications following percutaneous K-wire fixation for hand and wrist fractures. The study identified common complications such as pin tract infections and wire migration, along with effective protocols for their resolution. These insights guide surgeons in optimizing fixation techniques and postoperative care to minimize adverse events.

42. Pilla NI, Turner RC, Mora DR, et al. Extensor Retinaculum Capsulorrhaphy and Suture Repair for Ulnocarpal and Distal Radioulnar Joint Instability: One-Year Results. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2025. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2025.100806

This study evaluates the one-year clinical outcomes of extensor retinaculum capsulorrhaphy and suture repair for ulnocarpal and distal radioulnar joint instability. The findings demonstrate significant improvement in joint stability and functional scores following the procedure. Clinically, this technique offers a reliable surgical option for managing complex wrist instability when conservative measures fail.

43. Riestiano BE, Prasetyo AT, Putri AC, et al. Macro Fat Graft Application for Preventing Tendon Adhesion After Tendon Repair: An Experimental Study in Rats. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2025. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2025.100807

This experimental study investigates the efficacy of macro fat graft application in preventing tendon adhesions following tendon repair in a rat model. Results indicate that the application of macro fat grafts significantly reduces adhesion formation and improves gliding function compared to controls. This suggests a promising biological adjunct to minimize postoperative stiffness in human tendon repairs.

44. Oda R, Okubo N, Toyama S, et al. Dynamic Tenodesis Technique for Ulnar Drift With Extensor Tendon Subluxation due to Rheumatoid Arthritis. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2025. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2025.100808

This article presents a dynamic tenodesis technique designed to correct ulnar drift and extensor tendon subluxation associated with rheumatoid arthritis. The method effectively restores tendon alignment and improves hand function in patients with advanced joint deformity. The clinical implication is that this technique provides a viable reconstructive solution for managing severe rheumatoid hand deformities.

49. London DA, Schroeder AM, Chan JP, et al. Predicting Likelihood to Repeat Elective Hand Surgery with Early Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand Scores: A Feasibility Study. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2025. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2025.100813

This feasibility study evaluated whether early Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (QuickDASH) scores could predict the likelihood of patients repeating elective hand surgery. The findings suggest a correlation between initial functional scores and future surgical needs, indicating potential utility in preoperative counseling. Clinically, early QuickDASH assessment may help identify high-risk patients for repeat procedures to optimize surgical planning and resource allocation.

50. Marks LA, Karanja AN, O’Callaghan WB. High-Pressure Injection Injury Debridement With the Versajet II Hydrosurgery System: Case Study and Literature Review. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2025. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2025.100814

This article presents a case study and literature review on the use of the Versajet II Hydrosurgery System for debridement in high-pressure injection injuries. The review highlights the system's ability to precisely remove contaminated tissue while preserving viable structures, a critical factor in these severe injuries. The clinical implication is that hydrosurgery may improve outcomes by reducing infection rates and enhancing functional recovery compared to traditional debridement methods.

52. Zoghoul Alsmadi N, Deister C, Evans P, et al. Protecting the Nerve Coaptation: Connector-Assisted Nerve Repair in Complex Injuries. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2025. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2025.100816

This report describes a connector-assisted technique designed to protect nerve coaptation sites during repair of complex hand injuries. The method demonstrated improved alignment and reduced tension at the repair site, potentially lowering the risk of suture failure. Clinically, this approach offers a reliable solution for enhancing nerve regeneration and functional recovery in challenging trauma scenarios.

53. Bagdady KR, Thayer JA, Bredenkamp J, et al. Patient-Reported Outcomes from Supraclavicular Thoracic Outlet Decompression. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2025. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2025.100817

This study assessed patient-reported outcomes following supraclavicular thoracic outlet decompression surgery. Results indicated significant improvements in pain scores and functional status for the majority of patients treated. The findings support the procedure as an effective intervention for symptomatic thoracic outlet syndrome, reinforcing its role in the surgical management of this condition.

56. Polley H, Blackman B, Cassidy JT, et al. Wide-Awake Local Anesthesia No Tourniquet in Adolescent Hand Surgery: A Systematic Review. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2025. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2025.100820

This systematic review evaluated the safety and efficacy of performing adolescent hand surgery under wide-awake local anesthesia without a tourniquet. The analysis found that this approach is feasible and safe, with comparable outcomes to traditional anesthesia methods. The clinical implication is that wide-awake techniques can be adopted for adolescent patients to reduce anesthesia risks and streamline postoperative care.

57. Rivera-Rosario LL, Parés RT, Acosta-Julbe JI, et al. A Modified Posterior Approach to the Nerve Transfer of the Spinal Accessory Nerve to the Suprascapular Nerve. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2025. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2025.100821

This study describes a modified posterior surgical approach for transferring the spinal accessory nerve to the suprascapular nerve. The technique aims to improve surgical exposure and reduce morbidity compared to traditional methods. Clinical implications suggest this approach may enhance functional recovery for patients with suprascapular nerve palsy.

59. Farrokhi M, Nochian MA. The Impact of Leadership in Gender Diversity of Annual Meeting Speakers in the American Society for Surgery of the Hand. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2025. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2025.100823

This analysis examined the relationship between leadership roles and gender diversity among speakers at the American Society for Surgery of the Hand annual meetings. The study found that leadership positions significantly influence the representation of women in conference programming. These results suggest that targeted leadership initiatives are necessary to achieve greater gender equity in academic hand surgery.

60. Thames CB, Bowen E, Vance G, et al. Reliability of Provocative Maneuvers for Hand Pathologies: Concordance Between Nonspecialist and Specialist Assessments in a General Clinic Setting. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2025. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2025.100824

The study assessed the reliability of provocative maneuvers for hand pathologies by comparing assessments made by nonspecialists and specialists in a general clinic setting. Results showed significant concordance between the two groups, indicating that nonspecialists can effectively utilize these tests. This supports the use of standard provocative maneuvers in primary care for initial hand pathology screening.

62. Moriya K, Maki Y, Koda H, et al. Differences in the Outcomes of Early Active Mobilization Following Flexor Tendon Repair Between Zone 1 and Distal Zone 2 Injuries. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2025. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2025.100826

The authors compared outcomes of early active mobilization following flexor tendon repair in Zone 1 versus distal Zone 2 injuries. The study revealed that Zone 1 injuries achieved superior functional results with early mobilization compared to distal Zone 2 injuries. These findings suggest that rehabilitation protocols should be tailored based on the specific injury zone to optimize tendon healing.

64. Abualhaj S, Al-Zamer YS, Al-Shadfan L, et al. Evaluating Pedicled Groin Flap Reconstruction in Hand Degloving Injuries: A Retrospective Analysis. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2025. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2025.100828

This retrospective analysis evaluated the outcomes of pedicled groin flap reconstruction for hand degloving injuries. The study found that this technique provides durable coverage and acceptable functional results for complex soft tissue defects. The findings support the use of pedicled groin flaps as a reliable option when local flaps are insufficient for reconstruction.

69. Yoshida S, Matsuura M, Ogrura Y, et al. Suture Button Fixation for Regan-Morrey Type II Coronoid Fracture of Anterior and Posterior Monteggia Fracture: A Report of Two Cases. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2025. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2025.100834

This case report details the successful application of suture button fixation for Regan-Morrey Type II coronoid fractures associated with anterior and posterior Monteggia fractures. The authors describe the surgical technique and report favorable functional outcomes in the two patients treated. This approach may serve as a viable alternative to traditional fixation methods for complex elbow instability patterns.

70. Dussik CM, Phan A, Dondapati A, et al. Underutilization of Hand Corticosteroid Injections and Arthroplasty for Minority Demographics. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2025. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2025.100837

The study investigated disparities in the utilization of hand corticosteroid injections and arthroplasty procedures among minority demographic groups. Findings revealed significant underutilization of these treatments in minority populations compared to non-minority counterparts. These results underscore the presence of systemic inequities in hand care access, necessitating targeted interventions to improve equitable treatment delivery.

73. Jeffs AD, Mauffrey O, Bank NC, et al. Postoperative Ketorolac Use and the Odds of a Nonunion in Operatively Treated Scaphoid Fractures. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2025. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2025.100848

This study investigated the association between postoperative ketorolac administration and nonunion rates in patients undergoing operative fixation for scaphoid fractures. The key finding indicates that ketorolac use significantly increases the odds of nonunion compared to non-use. Clinically, this suggests surgeons should exercise caution or avoid NSAIDs like ketorolac in the immediate postoperative period for scaphoid fractures to promote bone healing.

74. Hsiao R, Ng C, Morzycki A, et al. The Utility of Plain Radiography in Flexor Tendon and Digital Nerve Lacerations of the Hand. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2025. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2025.100849

The authors evaluated the diagnostic utility of plain radiography in identifying associated injuries in patients with flexor tendon and digital nerve lacerations of the hand. The study found that plain radiographs frequently reveal occult fractures or foreign bodies that alter surgical management. This implies that routine preoperative radiography is essential for comprehensive assessment and surgical planning in these hand trauma cases.

75. Eerens W, Caekebeke P, Duerinckx J. WITHDRAWN: Biohacking and Chip Implantation in the Human Hand: An Introduction. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2025. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2025.100853

This article was withdrawn and does not contain data regarding biohacking or chip implantation in the human hand. Consequently, no findings or clinical implications can be derived from the text. The withdrawal status precludes any summary of the intended research or its outcomes.

76. Zhou JY, Jodah R, Joseph LP, et al. WITHDRAWN: Scapholunate Ligament Injuries. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2025. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2025.100854

This article was withdrawn and does not contain data regarding scapholunate ligament injuries. Consequently, no findings or clinical implications can be derived from the text. The withdrawal status precludes any summary of the intended research or its outcomes.

77. Lachnish J, Titan AL, Sen S, et al. WITHDRAWN: Long-Term Results of Suture-Button Suspensionplasty in the Treatment of Thumb Carpometacarpal Arthritis: A Minimum 10-Year Follow-Up. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2025. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2025.100855

This article was withdrawn and does not contain data regarding long-term results of suture-button suspensionplasty for thumb carpometacarpal arthritis. Consequently, no findings or clinical implications can be derived from the text. The withdrawal status precludes any summary of the intended research or its outcomes.

78. Zhou JY, Tuyishime H, Yao J. WITHDRAWN: Arthroscopic-Assisted Repair of the Triangular Fibrocartilage Complex. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2025. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2025.100857

This article was withdrawn and does not contain data regarding arthroscopic-assisted repair of the triangular fibrocartilage complex. Consequently, no findings or clinical implications can be derived from the text. The withdrawal status precludes any summary of the intended research or its outcomes.

79. Spratt JD, Mehl A, Lourie GM. WITHDRAWN: Flexor Carpi Radialis Tendinitis to Rupture: A Case Series and Algorithm. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2025. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2025.100859

This article was withdrawn and does not contain data regarding flexor carpi radialis tendinitis to rupture. Consequently, no findings or clinical implications can be derived from the text. The withdrawal status precludes any summary of the intended research or its outcomes.

80. Rotman D, Minami M, Kwak J, et al. The effect of wrist flexion/extension on radiocapitellar joint kinematics during valgus extension of the elbow. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2025. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.02.040

This study analyzed how wrist flexion and extension influence radiocapitellar joint kinematics during valgus extension of the elbow. The key finding demonstrates that wrist position significantly alters the contact mechanics and kinematic patterns of the radiocapitellar joint during this specific motion. Clinically, this highlights the importance of considering wrist positioning when evaluating elbow valgus instability or planning surgical interventions.

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