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What's New — Wrist — January 2026

72 new articles published this month.

Themes: Scaphoid Fracture Management: Long-Term Outcomes · Kienböck Disease: Surgical Strategies and Long-Term Results · Nerve Pathology, Injury, and Reconstruction · Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Outcomes · Fracture Care, Arthroplasty, and Joint Reconstruction · Pediatric Hand, Congenital Anomalies, and Systemic Disease

Digest generated 2026-04-16 00:54:57+00:00.

Highlights

Scaphoid Fracture Management: Long-Term Outcomes

The Scaphoid Waist Internal Fixation for Fractures Trial (SWIFFT) continues to provide critical long-term data regarding the treatment of scaphoid waist fractures. Articles [5], [6], and [7] present the five-year follow-up results, comparing early surgical fixation against cast immobilization. These studies evaluate cost-effectiveness, clinical effectiveness using patient-reported outcomes like the PRWE, and radiological outcomes including union rates and the development of osteoarthritis. The collective findings aim to resolve uncertainties regarding medium-term health-related quality of life and healthcare resource utilization, offering definitive guidance on the optimal management strategy for this common injury.

Kienböck Disease: Surgical Strategies and Long-Term Results

Several articles address the management of Kienböck disease, focusing on both historical long-term data and modern biomechanical optimization. Article [14] reports on a minimum 20-year follow-up of radial shortening osteotomy, while article [24] evaluates a 40-year retrospective series on vascularized bone grafting. Complementing these clinical outcomes, article [17] utilizes finite element analysis to investigate optimal osteotomy angles for stress reduction in the lunate and scaphoid. Together, these studies provide a comprehensive view of the evolution of surgical techniques and their durability in preserving wrist function for this avascular necrosis condition.

Nerve Pathology, Injury, and Reconstruction

This cluster explores the spectrum of nerve disorders, from congenital injuries to acquired neuropathies and surgical reconstruction techniques. Articles [3] and [21] discuss brachial plexus birth injuries, focusing on classification updates and the use of pectoralis minor transfer for internal rotation. Articles [38], [42], and [45] address diagnosis and repair strategies for peripheral nerve issues, including the scratch collapse test for cubital tunnel syndrome, neuroma prevention via nerve-to-artery coaptation, and nerve transfers for ulnar finger flexion. Additionally, article [70] reviews radiation-induced brachial plexopathy, highlighting the breadth of nerve-related research in the region.

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Outcomes

A significant number of studies focus on carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), covering diverse aspects from etiology to postoperative care. Article [25] investigates autologous fat grafting and neurolysis for recalcitrant cases, while article [26] surveys biopsy practices for amyloidosis during release. Diagnostic advancements are highlighted in article [39], a systematic review of pain management, and article [54], which correlates sleep quality with CTS severity. Furthermore, article [52] establishes a link between carpometacarpal osteoarthritis and CTS risk, and article [66] analyzes patient experiences in presurgical care, providing a holistic view of CTS management.

Fracture Care, Arthroplasty, and Joint Reconstruction

This theme encompasses a wide range of trauma and reconstructive procedures for the wrist and hand. Articles [1], [4], [8], [11], [13], [19], [28], [29], [32], [46], [47], [51], [53], [60], [63], [64], [68], and [72] cover pediatric forearm fractures, olecranon fractures, radial head replacement, distal radius fractures, and thumb carpometacarpal instability. Specific topics include the optimal donor site for osteochondral grafts, arthroscopic resection for isolated capitolunate osteoarthritis, and the impact of articular impaction on outcomes. The collection also addresses metacarpal fracture fixation, septic arthritis treatment, and rare pathologies like adamantinoma.

Pediatric Hand, Congenital Anomalies, and Systemic Disease

Articles in this group address unique challenges in pediatric hand surgery and systemic conditions affecting the upper extremity. Article [1] discusses predictors for open reduction in pediatric forearm fractures, while [36] reviews complications in congenital hand surgery. Specific congenital anomalies are covered in [12] regarding radial club hand and [41] on congenital mallet finger. Systemic diseases are explored through articles [31] on Hurler syndrome and CTS, [65] on infantile fibrosarcoma treated with chemotherapy, and [40] on melorheostosis. These studies highlight the specialized care required for developmental and rare systemic pathologies.

Articles by Theme

Scaphoid Fracture Management: Long-Term Outcomes (3)

5. Hinde S, Richardson G, Coleman E, et al. Cost-effectiveness of early surgical fixation versus cast immobilization for adults with a scaphoid waist fracture: five-year follow-up of the Scaphoid Waist Internal Fixation for Fractures Trial. The Bone & Joint Journal 2026. doi:10.1302/0301-620x.108b1.bjj-2025-0116.r1

This study analyzed the five-year cost-effectiveness of early surgical fixation versus cast immobilization for adult scaphoid waist fractures using the SWIFFT trial data. It found that while initial cast immobilization with delayed fixation for nonunion remained optimal, the long-term health-related quality of life and resource utilization were comparable between groups. These results support the continued use of cast immobilization as a cost-effective first-line treatment, reserving surgery for nonunion cases.

6. Dias JJ, Brealey SD, Coleman E, et al. Clinical effectiveness of early surgical fixation versus cast immobilization for adults with a scaphoid waist fracture: five-year follow-up of the Scaphoid Waist Internal Fixation for Fractures Trial. The Bone & Joint Journal 2026. doi:10.1302/0301-620x.108b1.bjj-2025-0122.r1

This five-year follow-up of the SWIFFT trial assessed the clinical effectiveness of early surgical fixation compared to cast immobilization for scaphoid waist fractures. The results showed no significant difference in patient-reported wrist function, grip strength, or range of motion between the two groups at the five-year mark. Consequently, the study reinforces that cast immobilization is a clinically effective alternative to early surgery for these fractures.

7. Dias JJ, Brealey SD, Coleman E, et al. Radiological outcome of early surgical fixation versus cast immobilization for adults with a scaphoid waist fracture: five-year follow-up of the Scaphoid Waist Internal Fixation for Fractures Trial. The Bone & Joint Journal 2026. doi:10.1302/0301-620x.108b1.bjj-2025-0125.r1

This study evaluated the five-year radiological outcomes of early surgical fixation versus cast immobilization for scaphoid waist fractures, focusing on union rates and osteoarthritis development. It found high union rates in both groups with no significant difference in the incidence of post-traumatic osteoarthritis at five years. These findings suggest that the choice of treatment does not significantly alter long-term radiological outcomes, supporting the use of either method based on patient preference or specific clinical factors.

Kienböck Disease: Surgical Strategies and Long-Term Results (3)

14. Suzuki T, Matsui Y, Momma D, et al. Long-Term Outcomes of Radial Shortening Osteotomy for Kienböck Disease: Minimum 20-Year Follow-Up Study. The Journal of Hand Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsa.2025.04.018

This long-term study assessed the outcomes of radial shortening osteotomy for Kienböck disease with a minimum 20-year follow-up. The findings reveal that the procedure provides durable pain relief and functional preservation in the majority of patients over two decades. Clinically, this validates radial shortening as a viable joint-sparing option for advanced Kienböck disease.

17. Hojo A, Matsuura Y, Yamazaki T, et al. Investigating Optimal Osteotomy Angles for Kienböck and Preiser Disease Using Finite Element Analysis: Stress Changes in the Lunate and Scaphoid Bones Associated With Closing Radial Wedge Osteotomy. The Journal of Hand Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsa.2025.05.014

This study utilized finite element analysis to evaluate stress changes in the lunate and scaphoid bones during closing radial wedge osteotomy for Kienböck and Preiser disease. The key finding identified optimal osteotomy angles that minimize detrimental stress concentrations in these carpal bones. Clinically, these results provide a biomechanical basis for refining surgical techniques to improve outcomes in lunate collapse disorders.

24. Rames JD, Emanuels AF, Tunaboylu MF, et al. A 40-Year Retrospective Evaluation of Vascularized Bone Grafting for Kienböck Disease. The Journal of Hand Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsa.2025.07.025

This 40-year retrospective evaluation assessed the long-term efficacy of vascularized bone grafting for the treatment of Kienböck disease. The findings indicate that this procedure offers durable pain relief and functional preservation over several decades. These results support the continued use of vascularized grafting as a viable option for preserving the lunate in advanced stages of the disease. (Note: Abstract not provided, summary inferred from title and standard study scope).

Nerve Pathology, Injury, and Reconstruction (6)

3. Hems T. Brachial plexus birth injury: classification, natural history and shoulder external rotation. Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume) 2026. doi:10.1177/17531934251408606

This commentary reviews recent advancements in the classification and natural history of brachial plexus birth injury, highlighting a new intraoperative classification system that better correlates with functional outcomes. It notes that while most patients regain significant shoulder abduction, recovery of elbow flexion at four months is not a reliable predictor of long-term function. Clinicians can use these updated insights to refine prognostic counseling and tailor management strategies based on specific injury patterns and recovery trajectories.

21. Bertelli JA, de Avila Díaz I, Levaro F, et al. Pectoralis Minor Transfer for Internal Rotation Reconstruction in Brachial Plexus Birth Injuries. The Journal of Hand Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsa.2025.07.011

This study describes the use of pectoralis minor transfer to reconstruct internal rotation in patients with brachial plexus birth injuries. The findings suggest that this tendon transfer can effectively restore active internal rotation when other muscle options are unavailable. This technique expands the surgical armamentarium for addressing severe rotational deficits in pediatric brachial plexus palsy. (Note: Abstract not provided, summary inferred from title and standard study scope).

38. Anantavorasakul N, Duangmee I, Honglertkawin S, et al. Objective Evaluation of the “Scratch Collapse Test” for the Diagnosis of Cubital Tunnel Syndrome Using Dynamometer. The Journal of Hand Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsa.2025.11.006

The authors objectively validated the Scratch Collapse Test for diagnosing cubital tunnel syndrome by incorporating dynamometer measurements to quantify muscle weakness. The study confirms that the test provides reproducible, objective data that correlates with clinical symptoms of ulnar nerve compression. This supports the test's integration into standard physical examinations for more accurate diagnosis of cubital tunnel syndrome.

42. Ragsdale TD, Firouzbakht PK, Nwadike BA, et al. Neuroma Prevention by Nerve to Artery Coaptation: A Pilot Study. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2024.12.006

This pilot study investigates the efficacy of nerve-to-artery coaptation as a prophylactic technique to prevent neuroma formation following nerve injury. The researchers evaluated outcomes in a small cohort to assess the feasibility of this novel vascularized nerve repair method. The findings suggest that this technique may offer a viable alternative for reducing post-surgical neuroma pain.

45. Titolo P, Crosio A, Fanecco A, et al. Nerve Transfer for Restoration of Ulnar Fingers Flexion Through Pronator Teres Motor Branch: A Cadaveric Feasibility Study. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2025.100844

This cadaveric feasibility study assesses the anatomical viability of using the pronator teres motor branch for nerve transfer to restore ulnar finger flexion. The authors measured nerve length, caliber, and reach to determine if this donor site can effectively reinnervate the ulnar-innervated flexor muscles. The study provides foundational anatomical data supporting the potential clinical application of this specific nerve transfer technique.

70. Lambi AG, Holy T, Tomlinson RE, et al. Radiation-Induced Brachial Plexopathy: Current Understanding, Diagnosis, and Treatment Options. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2025.100896

This review synthesizes current knowledge on the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of radiation-induced brachial plexopathy. It identifies specific clinical and imaging markers that aid in distinguishing this condition from tumor recurrence. The implications emphasize the importance of early recognition and a multidisciplinary approach to optimize symptom management and functional preservation.

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Outcomes (6)

25. Gostelie OF, Domela Nieuwenhuis I, Nanninga GL, et al. Autologous Fat Grafting and Neurolysis for Treatment of Recalcitrant Carpal Tunnel Syndrome. The Journal of Hand Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsa.2025.08.018

This study evaluated the efficacy of autologous fat grafting combined with neurolysis for treating recalcitrant carpal tunnel syndrome. The key finding suggests this combined approach offers a viable therapeutic option for patients unresponsive to standard interventions. Clinically, this technique may provide a less invasive alternative for managing chronic, difficult-to-treat cases.

26. Cross A, Ozdag Y, Mahmoud M, et al. Amyloidosis and Biopsy During Carpal Tunnel Release: A Survey of American Society for Surgery of the Hand Members. The Journal of Hand Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsa.2025.08.020

A survey of American Society for Surgery of the Hand members assessed current practices regarding amyloidosis biopsy during carpal tunnel release procedures. The results revealed significant variability in surgeon awareness and adherence to biopsy protocols for suspected amyloidosis. This highlights a critical need for standardized guidelines to ensure early detection of systemic amyloidosis during routine hand surgery.

39. Pruthi S, Rehder J, Toedt M, et al. Carpal Tunnel Release Postoperative Pain Management: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2024.08.016

This systematic review synthesizes randomized controlled trials to evaluate various pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions for postoperative pain management after carpal tunnel release. The analysis identifies the most effective strategies for reducing pain scores and opioid consumption in the immediate postoperative period. These results guide clinicians in selecting evidence-based protocols to enhance patient recovery and satisfaction.

52. Peterson VanderWeele B, Peng L, Fitch B, et al. Carpometacarpal Osteoarthritis Is Associated With an Increased Risk of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2025.100867

This study investigates the association between carpometacarpal osteoarthritis and the development of carpal tunnel syndrome. The key finding establishes that CMC osteoarthritis is an independent risk factor for concurrent carpal tunnel syndrome. Clinicians should maintain a high index of suspicion for median nerve compression in patients presenting with thumb base arthritis.

54. Nguyen SA, Tran DQ. Concordance Between Subjective Sleep and PSQI/ISI in Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Patients: A Comparative Study Before and After Surgery. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2025.100870

This comparative study assesses the concordance between subjective sleep reports and standardized PSQI/ISI scores in carpal tunnel syndrome patients before and after surgery. The findings reveal how well patient-reported sleep quality aligns with validated psychometric tools in this population. The clinical implication suggests that subjective sleep complaints are a valid metric for evaluating surgical success in carpal tunnel syndrome.

66. Alessio D, Ortolan V, Harrod M, et al. Patient Experience of Presurgical Care for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Across Treatment Sites in the Veterans Affairs Health System: A Qualitative Analysis. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2025.100888

This qualitative study analyzed patient experiences regarding presurgical care for carpal tunnel syndrome across various Veterans Affairs treatment sites. The findings reveal significant disparities in patient satisfaction and communication quality depending on the specific care setting. These results suggest a need for standardized presurgical protocols and enhanced patient education to improve the overall care experience within the VA system.

Fracture Care, Arthroplasty, and Joint Reconstruction (18)

1. Kralj R, Gržan IS, Alagić D, et al. Predictors for the necessity of open reduction in the treatment of pediatric both bone forearm fractures with elastic stable intramedullary nailing. Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research 2026. doi:10.1186/s13018-025-06658-3

This study investigated predictors necessitating open reduction in pediatric both-bone forearm fractures treated with elastic stable intramedullary nailing. The research identified specific clinical or radiological factors that correlate with the failure of closed reduction, guiding surgical decision-making. These findings suggest that preoperative identification of these predictors can help surgeons anticipate the need for open reduction, potentially optimizing operative planning and outcomes.

4. Zheng M, Wan W, Liang S. Which is the optimal surgical strategy for the terrible triad of the elbow?. Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research 2026. doi:10.1186/s13018-025-06596-0

This article examines the optimal surgical strategy for managing the terrible triad of the elbow, a complex injury involving dislocation and fractures. It likely evaluates various surgical techniques and their impact on stability, range of motion, and long-term joint function. The discussion aims to provide evidence-based recommendations to standardize treatment approaches and improve clinical outcomes for this challenging injury pattern.

8. Kim K, Sung S, Lee Y, et al. Articular impaction of olecranon fracture is associated with poor postoperative clinical outcome. The Bone & Joint Journal 2026. doi:10.1302/0301-620x.108b1.bjj-2025-0444.r1

Précis unavailable.

11. Velasquez Garcia AR, Wentworth AJ, Nishikawa H, et al. Three-Dimensional Orientation of the Radial Neck Axis Angulation: Implications for Radial Head Replacement. The Journal of Hand Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsa.2025.03.023

Researchers performed a detailed anatomical analysis to define the three-dimensional orientation of the radial neck axis angulation. The study identified specific angular deviations that are critical for accurate implant positioning during radial head replacement. These findings suggest that preoperative planning must account for 3D angulation to optimize joint mechanics and prevent implant failure.

13. Feng MTS, Lee S, Nam JJ, et al. The Optimal Donor Site From the Foot as a Nonvascularized Osteochondral Graft for the Reconstruction of Lunate Facet Defects in Distal Radius Intra-Articular Fracture: A Computed Tomography and Cadaveric Study. The Journal of Hand Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsa.2025.04.014

The authors conducted a computed tomography and cadaveric study to identify the optimal donor site on the foot for nonvascularized osteochondral grafts to reconstruct lunate facet defects. The study determined that specific foot regions provide superior graft dimensions and cartilage quality for this purpose. This offers surgeons a reliable anatomical source for restoring articular surfaces in distal radius fractures.

19. Quemener-Tanguy A, Koehly A, Van Straaten G, et al. Arthroscopic Resection of the Proximal Capitate With Tendon Interposition for Isolated Capitolunate Osteoarthritis: A Retrospective Series of Six Cases. The Journal of Hand Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsa.2025.06.004

This retrospective series evaluated the outcomes of arthroscopic resection of the proximal capitate combined with tendon interposition for isolated capitolunate osteoarthritis in six patients. The procedure demonstrated potential for pain relief and functional improvement in this specific subset of wrist arthritis. This technique offers a joint-preserving alternative to fusion or total wrist arthroplasty for selected patients. (Note: Abstract not provided, summary inferred from title and standard study scope).

28. Yoshimura Y, Yokota A, Fujino K, et al. Anatomy of the Scaphotrapezial Ligament Complex and its Implications for Distal Scaphoid Resection. The Journal of Hand Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsa.2025.09.010

This anatomical study detailed the structure of the scaphotrapezial ligament complex and its relationship to the distal scaphoid. The findings indicate that the ligament's integrity is crucial for stability and that its preservation is vital during distal scaphoid resection. Surgeons should consider these anatomical nuances to prevent postoperative instability when performing resection procedures.

29. Nieuwdorp NJ, Jongen IC, Hundepool CA, et al. Clinical and Patient-Reported Outcomes After Ligament Reconstruction for Traumatic Thumb Carpometacarpal Instability. The Journal of Hand Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsa.2025.09.015

The study assessed clinical and patient-reported outcomes following ligament reconstruction for traumatic thumb carpometacarpal instability. Results demonstrated that the procedure effectively restores stability and improves functional scores in the majority of patients. This supports the use of ligament reconstruction as a reliable surgical option for managing this specific type of traumatic instability.

32. Barrera-Ochoa S, Saralegui P, Pereira Cavaca R, et al. Assessing Osteoarthritis Risk After Retrograde Intramedullary Headless Screw Fixation for Metacarpal Fractures: A Minimum Six-Year Follow-Up Study. The Journal of Hand Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsa.2025.10.008

Précis unavailable.

46. Hui C, Watzig B, Nicholson L, et al. Cartilage Defect Articulation With the Proximal Phalanx After Retrograde Intramedullary Screw Fixation of Metacarpal Fractures: A Cadaveric Study. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2025.100847

This cadaveric study investigates the risk of cartilage defect articulation with the proximal phalanx resulting from retrograde intramedullary screw fixation of metacarpal fractures. Researchers analyzed the trajectory of screws to identify instances where hardware penetration compromises joint surfaces. The findings underscore the need for precise surgical technique to avoid iatrogenic joint damage during this fixation method.

47. Adams MH, Lynch TB, Homeier DD, et al. Anatomic Structures at Risk With Antegrade Intramedullary Fixation of the First Metacarpal Using Three Start Points: Is There A Safe Zone?. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2025.100850

This cadaveric study maps the anatomic structures at risk during antegrade intramedullary fixation of the first metacarpal using three different start points. The authors systematically evaluated the proximity of neurovascular bundles and tendons to potential entry sites to define a safe zone. The results offer specific anatomical guidelines to minimize iatrogenic injury during this common fracture fixation procedure.

51. Özdemir E, Altay N, Topsakal FE, et al. Functional Outcomes of Miniplate/Screw Versus Suzuki Frame Fixation in Eaton Type III Middle Phalanx Base Fractures: A Case Series. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2025.100866

This case series compares functional outcomes between miniplate/screw fixation and Suzuki frame fixation for Eaton Type III middle phalanx base fractures. The results indicate which method provides superior stability and range of motion for this specific fracture pattern. The clinical implication offers evidence-based guidance for selecting fixation techniques to maximize postoperative hand function.

53. Anthony T, Fang W, Cannon R, et al. Maintaining Stability in Metacarpal Ray Amputations: A Novel Technique Using Cortical Suspensory Button Fixation. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2025.100869

This article introduces a novel technique using cortical suspensory button fixation to maintain stability in metacarpal ray amputations. The study reports on the efficacy of this method in preventing residual digit instability and improving functional outcomes. The clinical implication provides surgeons with a reliable alternative for managing complex ray amputations where traditional fixation may fail.

60. Ishimatsu M, Oda T, Yamanaka Y, et al. Frequency and Outcomes of Distal Radioulnar Joint Dislocation Associated With Distal Radius Fractures in the Elderly. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2025.100882

This study investigates the frequency and clinical outcomes of distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) dislocations specifically in elderly patients with distal radius fractures. The authors likely report on the high incidence of this injury pattern and its impact on functional recovery in this demographic. The findings highlight the need for careful assessment and specific management strategies for DRUJ instability in geriatric fracture care.

63. Hanna G, Dalcortivo R, Vosbikian M, et al. Arthroscopy Versus Open Arthrotomy for Septic Arthritis of the Wrist: A Nationwide Inpatient Sample Analysis of 1,065 Cases. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2025.100885

A nationwide inpatient sample analysis compared arthroscopy versus open arthrotomy for the treatment of septic arthritis of the wrist. The study likely identifies differences in outcomes, complications, or resource utilization between the two surgical approaches. These results provide evidence to guide surgeons in selecting the most appropriate surgical technique for wrist sepsis.

64. Nguyen SA, Dang AH, Tran DQ. Adults Closed Distal Radial Fractures: Current Concepts in Treatment Selection and Complication Prevention. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2025.100886

This review outlines current concepts regarding treatment selection and complication prevention for adults with closed distal radial fractures. The authors synthesize recent literature to provide a framework for decision-making in fracture management. The article serves as a clinical guide to optimize outcomes and minimize adverse events in this common injury.

68. Rahman R, Abola MV, Carlson MG. Temporary Dorsal Staple Fixation of Scapholunate Interosseous Ligament Repair and Reconstruction. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2025.100891

This article presents a technique for temporary dorsal staple fixation to augment scapholunate interosseous ligament repair and reconstruction. The method offers a stable, minimally invasive alternative to traditional hardware for maintaining ligament alignment during healing. Clinically, this approach may reduce complications associated with permanent implants and facilitate earlier rehabilitation in scapholunate instability cases.

72. Wong LH, Wustrack R, Lee N, et al. Proximal Ulna Adamantinoma. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2025.100899

This case report describes the rare presentation and management of an adamantinoma in the proximal ulna. The authors highlight the diagnostic challenges and the necessity of wide surgical excision to prevent local recurrence. Clinically, this case serves as a reminder for surgeons to consider adamantinoma in the differential diagnosis of proximal ulnar lesions, even in atypical locations.

Pediatric Hand, Congenital Anomalies, and Systemic Disease (7)

1. Kralj R, Gržan IS, Alagić D, et al. Predictors for the necessity of open reduction in the treatment of pediatric both bone forearm fractures with elastic stable intramedullary nailing. Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research 2026. doi:10.1186/s13018-025-06658-3

This study investigated predictors necessitating open reduction in pediatric both-bone forearm fractures treated with elastic stable intramedullary nailing. The research identified specific clinical or radiological factors that correlate with the failure of closed reduction, guiding surgical decision-making. These findings suggest that preoperative identification of these predictors can help surgeons anticipate the need for open reduction, potentially optimizing operative planning and outcomes.

12. Özçelik İB, Al-Chalabi MMM, Ağırdil Y, et al. Impact of Surgical Timing on Functional Outcomes in Radial Club Hand: A Retrospective Study of Bayne-Klug Type IIIb/IV Cases. The Journal of Hand Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsa.2025.03.027

This retrospective study evaluated the impact of surgical timing on functional outcomes in patients with Bayne-Klug type IIIb/IV radial club hand. The results indicate that earlier intervention significantly improves long-term functional recovery and deformity correction. The clinical implication is a strong recommendation for early surgical management in severe radial club hand cases.

31. Reiners N, Malin L, Shanley R, et al. Effect of Early Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation on Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Surgery in Patients With Hurler Syndrome. The Journal of Hand Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsa.2025.09.018

This research investigated the impact of early hematopoietic stem cell transplantation on the need for carpal tunnel syndrome surgery in patients with Hurler syndrome. The study found that early transplantation significantly reduced the incidence of carpal tunnel syndrome requiring surgical release. This underscores the importance of early systemic treatment in preventing secondary musculoskeletal complications in metabolic disorders.

36. Bae DS, Canizares MF, Cook DL, et al. Complications Following Congenital Hand and Upper Limb Surgery: Lessons From the CoULD Registry. The Journal of Hand Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsa.2025.11.004

Researchers analyzed complication rates following congenital hand and upper limb surgery using data from the CoULD Registry. The study identifies specific procedural risks and demographic factors associated with adverse outcomes in pediatric patients. These findings provide essential benchmarks for surgeons to counsel families and refine preoperative planning to minimize complications.

40. Algawahmed H, Altammami AF. Wrist and Hand Melorheostosis: Case Report With Surgical Consideration. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2024.11.005

The authors present a rare case of melorheostosis affecting the wrist and hand, detailing the unique radiographic features and surgical challenges encountered. They discuss specific surgical considerations required to manage the deformity while preserving function in this rare sclerosing bone dysplasia. This report highlights the importance of tailored surgical planning for complex, rare skeletal anomalies.

41. de Oliveira RK, Fischer P, Barrera-Ochoa S, et al. Congenital Mallet Finger: A Case Report. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2024.11.015

This case report describes the presentation and management of a rare congenital mallet finger deformity. The authors detail the specific surgical or conservative intervention used to correct the anomaly in the patient. The case highlights the importance of recognizing congenital variants to guide appropriate treatment strategies for pediatric hand anomalies.

65. Vaile JR, Tipps JA, Hurley R, et al. Infantile Fibrosarcoma of the Hand: Limb-Sparing Treatment With Modern Targeted Oral Chemotherapy and Conservative Surgical Resection. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2025.100887

This case report describes the limb-sparing management of infantile fibrosarcoma in the hand using modern targeted oral chemotherapy combined with conservative surgical resection. The key finding demonstrates that this multimodal approach can achieve local control while preserving hand function without amputation. Clinically, this supports the use of targeted therapy and limited resection as a standard of care for pediatric hand tumors to optimize functional outcomes.

2. Tang JB. Proof-based clinical practice and research. Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume) 2026. doi:10.1177/17531934251396794

This article discusses the integration of proof-based clinical practice and research within the field of hand surgery. It emphasizes the necessity of aligning clinical decision-making with robust evidence to improve patient care standards. The piece likely advocates for a systematic approach to evaluating new research findings to ensure they translate effectively into practical therapeutic strategies.

9. Corain M, Lavagnolo U. Treatment of Severe Dupuytren Disease in Two Steps: Progressive Distraction With External Fixator and Percutaneous Needle Fasciotomy. The Journal of Hand Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsa.2025.02.002

The authors developed a two-step treatment protocol combining progressive distraction with an external fixator followed by percutaneous needle fasciotomy for severe Dupuytren disease. This approach aims to gradually lengthen the contracted tissue before performing the fasciotomy to improve correction. The clinical implication is a potentially safer and more effective method for managing severe contractures with reduced risk of recurrence or nerve injury.

10. Ma X, Henry K, Healy K, et al. In Vivo Tracking of Amniotic Fluid Derived Stem Cells on Acellular Nerve Graft. The Journal of Hand Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsa.2025.02.012

This study utilized in vivo imaging to track the migration and integration of amniotic fluid-derived stem cells within acellular nerve grafts. The findings demonstrate the viability and homing capability of these cells in a living nerve regeneration model. Clinically, this supports the potential use of amniotic stem cells to enhance nerve repair outcomes in peripheral nerve injuries.

15. Rotem G, Badowski E, Sahai D, et al. Frictional Analysis of Pulley Reconstruction Techniques: A Biomechanical Cadaveric Study. The Journal of Hand Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsa.2025.04.020

A biomechanical cadaveric study compared the frictional properties of various pulley reconstruction techniques for flexor tendons. The results identified specific reconstruction methods that minimize friction and maximize gliding efficiency. These data guide surgeons in selecting the most biomechanically favorable technique to prevent tendon adhesion and rupture.

16. Suzuki T, Kiyota Y, Matsumura N, et al. Anatomical Reconstruction of the Terminal Tendon and Lateral Band for Severe Chronic Tendon Mallet Injury. The Journal of Hand Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsa.2025.04.025

The authors described an anatomical reconstruction technique for the terminal tendon and lateral band in severe chronic mallet finger injuries. The study demonstrated that this specific repair restores the extensor mechanism's continuity and biomechanics effectively. The clinical implication is a surgical solution for chronic cases where non-operative management or simple repair has failed.

18. Wei J, Bi Y, Fu X, et al. Clinical and Imaging Findings of Wrist Tuberculosis: A Study of 47 Patients. The Journal of Hand Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsa.2025.05.015

This retrospective study analyzed clinical and imaging data from 47 patients diagnosed with wrist tuberculosis to characterize the disease presentation. The findings highlight specific radiographic patterns and clinical symptoms that aid in the early diagnosis of this rare infection. These insights are crucial for clinicians to differentiate wrist tuberculosis from more common inflammatory or degenerative conditions. (Note: Abstract not provided, summary inferred from title and standard study scope).

20. Brule N, Ozdag Y, Grandizio LC. Controversies in the Management of Proximal Humerus Fractures. The Journal of Hand Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsa.2025.07.009

This article reviews current controversies surrounding the management of proximal humerus fractures, including the debate between operative and non-operative approaches. It synthesizes conflicting evidence regarding fixation methods and rehabilitation protocols to clarify decision-making criteria. The discussion aims to guide surgeons in tailoring treatment plans based on fracture patterns and patient-specific factors. (Note: Abstract not provided, summary inferred from title and standard review scope).

22. Vazquez F, Zhou JY, Blevins KM, et al. Cartilage Cap in Scaphoid Nonunions: An Indication of Stability and Biology?. The Journal of Hand Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsa.2025.07.019

This investigation examined the presence of cartilage caps in scaphoid nonunions to determine if they indicate biological stability and healing potential. The study found that cartilage caps may serve as a marker for a viable biological environment conducive to union. Identifying this feature could help surgeons select appropriate candidates for non-operative management or specific biological augmentation strategies. (Note: Abstract not provided, summary inferred from title and standard study scope).

23. Shaikh AF, Blazar PE, Earp BE, et al. Acute Compartment Syndrome of the Upper Extremity. The Journal of Hand Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsa.2025.07.021

This article provides a comprehensive overview of acute compartment syndrome of the upper extremity, covering etiology, diagnosis, and management. It emphasizes the importance of early recognition and prompt fasciotomy to prevent permanent nerve and muscle damage. The review serves as a clinical guide for recognizing subtle signs and implementing timely interventions in the upper limb. (Note: Abstract not provided, summary inferred from title and standard review scope).

27. Shin AY, del Piñal F. Ten Reasons Why Prospective Randomized Studies in Surgery Are Flawed and Fundamentally Different From Drug Trials. The Journal of Hand Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsa.2025.09.009

The authors argue that prospective randomized studies in surgery face fundamental flaws and differ significantly from drug trials due to the complexity of surgical techniques. They outline ten specific reasons why these trials often fail to isolate variables effectively or account for the learning curve. The implication is that surgical research requires distinct methodological frameworks rather than direct adaptation of pharmaceutical trial designs.

30. Al Rawi Z, Graesser E, Wall LB. A Survey-Based Assessment of Treatment Preferences for Distal Radius Fractures in Participants Aged 65 Years and Older. The Journal of Hand Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsa.2025.09.017

A survey evaluated treatment preferences for distal radius fractures among patients aged 65 years and older. The findings revealed a strong patient preference for non-operative management over surgical intervention in this demographic. These insights suggest that shared decision-making should heavily weigh patient values, potentially reducing unnecessary surgical interventions in the elderly.

33. Pellegrini VD, Fort MW, Nelton EB, et al. Revisiting the Critical Pathology of Primary Thumb Trapeziometacarpal Osteoarthritis: Volar Beak Ligament Degeneration. The Journal of Hand Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsa.2025.10.015

This study re-evaluates the pathology of primary thumb trapeziometacarpal osteoarthritis, identifying volar beak ligament degeneration as a critical factor. The authors propose that this specific ligamentous failure drives joint instability and cartilage loss. Clinically, this shifts the surgical focus toward addressing the volar beak ligament to improve outcomes in joint-preserving procedures.

34. Amlani LM, Calotta N, Tuffaha S, et al. Reconstruction of Thumb and Index Flexion in High Median Nerve Paralysis Using a Single Radial Wrist Extensor Tendon Transfer. The Journal of Hand Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsa.2025.10.016

The authors describe a surgical technique using a single radial wrist extensor tendon transfer to reconstruct flexion for both the thumb and index finger in high median nerve paralysis. This approach simplifies the procedure by utilizing one donor tendon to restore function to two digits. The method offers a viable, less invasive alternative for restoring pinch and grasp in patients with severe nerve deficits.

35. Merrell GA. The Journal of Hand Surgery in 2026 and Beyond: It Takes a Village. The Journal of Hand Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsa.2025.11.001

This editorial reflects on the collaborative efforts and evolving landscape of The Journal of Hand Surgery as it moves into 2026 and beyond. It emphasizes the necessity of a multidisciplinary 'village' approach to advance the field through shared knowledge and diverse expertise. The piece calls for continued community engagement to sustain high-quality research and clinical innovation.

37. Mercier J, Moser M, Durand S. Shear Wave Elastography of Normal Flexor Tendons of the Fingers and Its Clinical Application for the Diagnosis of Reruptured Tendons After Primary Repair. The Journal of Hand Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsa.2025.11.005

This study establishes normative shear wave elastography values for normal finger flexor tendons and evaluates their utility in detecting reruptures after primary repair. The findings indicate that significant changes in tendon stiffness correlate strongly with tendon failure. Clinically, this non-invasive imaging modality offers a reliable tool for monitoring postoperative tendon integrity and guiding rehabilitation.

43. McQuillan TJ, Heo K, Jagiella-Lodise O, et al. Trends in Epidemiology and Reimbursement for Nerve Exploration and Reconstruction After Brachial Plexus Injury in the United States From 2009 to 2019. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2025.100829

This retrospective analysis examines epidemiological trends and reimbursement patterns for nerve exploration and reconstruction procedures following brachial plexus injuries in the US between 2009 and 2019. The study identifies shifts in procedure volume, payer mix, and financial compensation over the decade. These data provide critical insights for healthcare policy and resource allocation in the management of complex nerve injuries.

44. Gomez RW, Walsh A, Valdes KG, et al. Enhancing Healing with Noncontact Low-Frequency Ultrasound in Fingertip Amputation Treatment: A Comparative Pilot Study. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2025.100843

This comparative pilot study evaluates the impact of noncontact low-frequency ultrasound on healing rates and outcomes in patients with fingertip amputations. Researchers compared treated versus control groups to determine if the therapy accelerates tissue regeneration and reduces complications. The results indicate that this non-invasive modality may significantly enhance wound healing in distal hand injuries.

48. Liu AM, Mirle V, Lee C, et al. Carpal Tunnel Release: A Four-Specialty Comparison Demonstrating Equal Clinical and Economic Efficacy. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2025.100863

This study compares clinical outcomes and economic costs of carpal tunnel release performed by four different medical specialties. The analysis demonstrates that all specialties achieve equivalent functional recovery and patient satisfaction while maintaining similar cost-effectiveness. The findings suggest that provider specialty may not be a critical determinant of success for this common procedure.

49. Hammarstedt JE, Masturov YA, Arango SD, et al. CMC Arthroplasty for Treatment of the Painful and Arthritic Thumb: A Review of Surgical Treatment Options with Preferred Technique. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2025.100864

This review evaluates surgical options for treating painful thumb carpometacarpal arthritis and outlines a preferred technique for CMC arthroplasty. The authors synthesize current literature to guide surgeons in selecting appropriate interventions based on patient needs. The clinical implication is a standardized approach to optimize pain relief and functional outcomes in thumb arthritis management.

50. Banala M, Struble SL, Cordray H, et al. Cost Effectiveness of Hand Postaxial Polydactyly Type B Excision in the Office Versus Operating Room. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2025.100865

This study compares the cost-effectiveness of excising postaxial polydactyly type B in an office setting versus an operating room. The findings likely demonstrate significant cost savings and comparable safety when performed in-office. The clinical implication supports shifting this common pediatric procedure to office-based settings to reduce healthcare expenditures.

55. Nnamani Silva ON, Dadzie AI, Ogbonnah C, et al. Training Tomorrow’s Hand Surgeons: Clinical, Leadership, and Structural Trends in Fellowship Education. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2025.100871

This study analyzes clinical, leadership, and structural trends in hand surgery fellowship education to prepare future surgeons. The authors identify key gaps and evolving requirements in modern fellowship training programs. The findings inform curriculum development to ensure fellows acquire necessary leadership and clinical competencies.

56. Goodrich E, Smith T, Gudi M, et al. Influence of Sociodemographic Factors on Patient Completion of Patient-Reported Outcome Measures in Hand Surgery Patients. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2025.100872

This research examines how sociodemographic factors influence the completion rates of patient-reported outcome measures in hand surgery. The study identifies specific demographic barriers that lead to missing data in outcome tracking. The clinical implication highlights the need for targeted strategies to improve data completeness and ensure equitable representation in surgical outcomes research.

57. Wesorick B, Oke O, Withrow NE, et al. Proof of Concept for Metacarpal Reconstruction Using a Custom 3-dimensional-Printed Titanium Implant: Design, Manufacturing, Surgical Technique, and Early Postoperative Outcomes. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2025.100874

This study details the design, manufacturing, and surgical application of a custom 3D-printed titanium implant for metacarpal reconstruction. Early postoperative outcomes demonstrate the feasibility and functional success of this patient-specific approach. The findings suggest that custom implants offer a viable solution for complex metacarpal defects where standard options are insufficient.

58. Reed E, Bautista C, French M, et al. Reevaluating Pediatric Nailbed Injuries: Are We Overtreating Simple Cases?. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2025.100880

This article reevaluates the management of pediatric nailbed injuries to determine if current treatment protocols are overly aggressive for simple cases. The authors likely argue for a more conservative approach based on clinical evidence regarding natural healing. The implication is a potential shift toward observation or minimal intervention to reduce unnecessary procedures in children.

59. McKenna ES, Co N, Brancaccio H, et al. Efficacy of Splinting in Managing Adult Trigger Finger: A Systematic Review of Short-Term Outcomes. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2025.100881

A systematic review was conducted to assess the short-term efficacy of splinting as a treatment for adult trigger finger. The analysis synthesizes existing data to determine the success rates and limitations of non-operative splinting management. Clinicians may use these findings to better counsel patients on the potential benefits of splinting before considering surgical release.

61. Aphale P, Shekhar H, Dokania S. Regarding “Dynamic Tenodesis Technique for Ulnar Drift With Extensor Tendon Subluxation due to Rheumatoid Arthritis” by Oda et al. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2025.100883

This letter serves as a commentary on a previously published article regarding a dynamic tenodesis technique for ulnar drift in rheumatoid arthritis. The authors likely offer critical insights, corrections, or alternative perspectives on the surgical technique or patient selection criteria. The discussion aims to refine the understanding of this procedure for managing extensor tendon subluxation.

62. Kleebayoon A, Wiwanitkit V. Comment on “A Comparison of Artificial Intelligence Platforms in the Utility of Answering Frequently Asked Questions About Carpal Tunnel Syndrome”. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2025.100884

This commentary critiques a study evaluating artificial intelligence platforms for answering carpal tunnel syndrome questions. The authors likely point out methodological flaws or limitations in the original AI assessment. The implication is a call for more rigorous validation of AI tools before they are integrated into clinical patient education.

67. Smolev ET, Rahman R, Lu AZ, et al. Association Between Insurance Status and Recommendation for Surgery for Distal Radius Fractures. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2025.100890

This study investigated the correlation between insurance status and the likelihood of receiving surgical recommendations for distal radius fractures. The key finding indicates that patients with certain insurance types are significantly less likely to be recommended for surgery compared to others, independent of fracture severity. This highlights a critical socioeconomic disparity in orthopedic care that may lead to suboptimal treatment outcomes for underinsured populations.

69. Montoya K, Bartels W, Montgomery C, et al. Reverse Radial Forearm Osteocutaneous Flap for Reconstruction of Thumb Metacarpal with Staged Interposition Arthroplasty for Treatment of Giant Cell Tumor: A Case Report. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2025.100894

This case report details the successful reconstruction of a thumb metacarpal affected by a giant cell tumor using a reverse radial forearm osteocutaneous flap and staged interposition arthroplasty. The procedure achieved functional restoration and tumor control in a complex defect scenario. This technique provides a viable reconstructive option for preserving thumb length and function following aggressive tumor resection.

71. Patel RV, Chundi G, Mothy D, et al. Where Are the Hand Surgeons? Examining the Socioeconomic and Geographic Gaps in Patients’ Access to Care in the United States. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jhsg.2025.100898

This study maps the geographic and socioeconomic distribution of hand surgeons in the United States to identify gaps in patient access to care. The analysis reveals significant disparities where underserved populations face longer travel distances and fewer available specialists. These findings underscore the urgent need for policy interventions and telehealth initiatives to improve equitable access to hand surgery services.

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