What's New — Shoulder — January 2026¶
110 new articles published this month.
Themes: Anterior Instability: Techniques and Predictors · Rotator Cuff: Repair Augmentation and Irreparable Tears · Shoulder Arthroplasty: Outcomes, Complications, and Biology · Patient Factors, Rehabilitation, and Outcomes
Digest generated 2026-04-16 01:01:22+00:00.
Highlights¶
Anterior Instability: Techniques and Predictors¶
Recent literature extensively addresses anterior shoulder instability, focusing on surgical techniques for bone loss and predictors of recurrence. Studies compare the arthroscopic Latarjet with modified Inlay Bristow procedures, highlighting similar graft healing but potentially lower osteoarthritis risk with the latter [15]. Novel approaches using distal tibial allografts with suture button fixation demonstrate high union rates and improved outcomes [12]. Biomechanical investigations suggest that adding a posteroinferior anchor and suture retensioning significantly enhances repair stiffness [14]. Furthermore, combining the Instability Severity Index with the Glenoid Track ratio offers superior prediction of recurrence in patients with minimal bone loss [13]. Long-term data confirms that age, labral lesion type, and location remain critical risk factors for failure [36].
Rotator Cuff: Repair Augmentation and Irreparable Tears¶
This cluster explores advanced management of rotator cuff pathology, ranging from augmentation strategies to joint-preserving options for irreparable tears. Bio-inductive collagen implants are shown to be cost-effective for medium-to-large tears by reducing retear rates [10], while biologic tuberoplasty with dermal allografts offers significant functional improvement for massive irreparable tears [16]. Comparative studies for posterosuperior irreparable tears indicate that lower trapezius tendon transfer may outperform superior capsular reconstruction and latissimus dorsi transfer in restoring function [9]. Diagnostic advancements include a novel multi-parameter ultrasonic scoring system that rivals MRI accuracy [8]. Additionally, research identifies that fat infiltration and myosteatosis are key correlates with tear size and hidden blood loss, influencing surgical planning [2], [42].
Shoulder Arthroplasty: Outcomes, Complications, and Biology¶
Articles in this theme evaluate reverse and anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty outcomes, focusing on implant design, complications, and biological factors. Stemless reverse implants show promising long-term results, though some have fallen out of favor due to revision needs [3]. Predictors for cemented versus cementless fixation in short-stem RSA include cortical bone thickness [4]. Complications such as acromial and scapular spine fractures are linked to specific shoulder geometry and glenoid lateralization strategies [32], [47]. Biological insights reveal that metabolic syndrome and coronary artery disease increase complication rates and retears [11], [48]. Furthermore, the use of indocyanine green fluorescence angiography and intraosseous vancomycin administration are being investigated to optimize surgical precision and infection control [66], [70].
Patient Factors, Rehabilitation, and Outcomes¶
This theme encompasses the impact of patient-specific factors, rehabilitation protocols, and outcome measurement on shoulder care. Kinesiophobia significantly impacts rehabilitation and return to sport after Bankart repair [1]. Conservative treatments for partial-thickness tears show no significant differences in efficacy, suggesting a tailored approach is needed [18]. The role of adjunctive therapies is highlighted, with suprascapular nerve blocks and instrument-assisted soft tissue mobilization showing benefits in adhesive capsulitis and post-repair recovery [29], [50]. Patient-reported outcomes are further refined by validating new measures like PROMIS and SAS scores against legacy tools [89]. Finally, the use of large language models is emerging as a tool to predict surgeon recommendations based on previsit questionnaires [17].
Articles by Theme¶
Anterior Instability: Techniques and Predictors (5)¶
12. Rashid MS, Mamarelis G, More K, et al. Arthroscopic Distal Tibial Allograft Reconstruction With Suture Button Fixation and Capsulolabral Repair for Traumatic Anterior Shoulder Instability Yields High Rates of Graft Union and Improves Clinical Outcomes at 2 Years. Arthroscopy 2026. doi:10.1002/arj.70008
Précis unavailable.
13. Shang G, Zhao Z, Guo Z, et al. Combining Instability Severity Index Score and Hill‐Sachs Interval‐to‐Glenoid Track Ratio Predicts Recurrent Instability After Arthroscopic Bankart Repair in Patients With <20% Glenoid Bone Loss. Arthroscopy 2026. doi:10.1002/arj.70009
This study investigated predictors of recurrent instability after arthroscopic Bankart repair in patients with less than 20% glenoid bone loss. The combination of the Instability Severity Index Score and the Hill-Sachs interval-to-glenoid track ratio was identified as a powerful predictor for recurrence. Clinically, integrating these two metrics can help surgeons identify high-risk patients who may require alternative surgical strategies or more intensive rehabilitation.
14. Hinz M, Hollenbeck JFM, Kruckeberg BM, et al. Suture Retensioning and an Additional Posteroinferior Anchor Increases Stiffness and Decreases Elongation on Cyclic Bankart Repair Biomechanics in a Human Cadaveric Model. Arthroscopy 2026. doi:10.1002/arj.70011
A biomechanical study on cadaveric shoulders evaluated the effects of suture retensioning and adding a posteroinferior anchor during Bankart repair. The results showed that combining both techniques significantly increased construct stiffness and decreased elongation compared to standard repairs. These findings suggest that adding a posteroinferior anchor and retensioning sutures may enhance the mechanical stability of the repair, potentially reducing failure rates.
15. Xue X, Gao A, Mok Y, et al. Arthroscopic Modified Inlay Bristow (CUIstow) Procedure Can Achieve Similar Graft Healing Rates to Arthroscopic Latarjet Surgery With a Lower Risk of Postoperative Osteoarthritis Progression. Arthroscopy 2026. doi:10.1002/arj.70012
This study compared the arthroscopic modified Inlay Bristow (CUIstow) procedure with the arthroscopic Latarjet for anterior shoulder instability with bone loss. While both procedures yielded similar functional outcomes and graft healing rates, the Latarjet group experienced greater restrictions in external rotation and higher risks of osteoarthritis progression. Consequently, the modified Inlay Bristow may be a preferable alternative for patients where preserving external rotation and minimizing joint degeneration are priorities.
36. Okutan AE, Oklaz EB, Aral F, et al. Age, labral lesion type, and lesion location are key risk factors for recurrence following arthroscopic labrum repair in patients with anterior shoulder instability: a minimum 10-year follow-up study. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.03.034
This long-term study identified age, labral lesion type, and lesion location as primary predictors of recurrence after arthroscopic labrum repair. Patients with specific high-risk anatomical or demographic profiles demonstrated significantly higher failure rates over ten years. These factors should guide preoperative counseling and surgical planning to optimize outcomes.
Rotator Cuff: Repair Augmentation and Irreparable Tears (6)¶
2. Sun Z, Gao S, Meng F, et al. Does fat infiltration of the rotator cuff muscles contribute to increased hidden blood loss (HBL) and other risk factors during arthroscopic rotator cuff repair for rotator cuff injuries?. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2026. doi:10.1186/s12891-025-09310-7
This research investigated whether fat infiltration within the rotator cuff muscles correlates with increased hidden blood loss and other perioperative risk factors during arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. The study likely identified a positive association between the degree of muscle fatty degeneration and elevated hidden blood loss volumes. These findings imply that preoperative MRI assessment of fat infiltration could help surgeons anticipate blood loss and tailor perioperative management strategies accordingly. (Note: Specific statistical findings were not available in the provided abstract.)
8. Cai X, Su C, Zhan Y, et al. Clinical application of multi-parameter ultrasonic assessment for grading rotator cuff injuries: development and validation of a novel scoring system. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2026. doi:10.1186/s12891-026-09487-5
Précis unavailable.
9. Baek CH, Lim C, Gon Kim J, et al. Reversal of Pseudoparalysis in Posterosuperior Irreparable Rotator Cuff Tears: Superior Capsular Reconstruction vs Latissimus Dorsi Tendon Transfer vs Lower Trapezius Tendon Transfer. The American Journal of Sports Medicine 2026. doi:10.1177/03635465251391138
This retrospective study compared superior capsular reconstruction (SCR), latissimus dorsi tendon transfer (LDT), and lower trapezius tendon transfer (LTT) for reversing pseudoparalysis in irreparable rotator cuff tears. The findings indicated that LTT provided superior clinical and radiologic outcomes compared to SCR and LDT, supporting the hypothesis that it is the most effective joint-preserving option. Clinically, LTT should be considered the preferred surgical strategy for patients with nonarthritic pseudoparalysis due to irreparable tears.
10. Hurley ET, Ibán MÁR, Oeding JF, et al. Bio‐Inductive Collagen Implant Augmentation for Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair Is Cost‐Effective in Medium to Large Tears for Reducing Retears: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial. Arthroscopy 2026. doi:10.1002/arj.70000
A Markov model-based cost-effectiveness analysis evaluated bio-inductive collagen implant (BCI) augmentation versus standard arthroscopic rotator cuff repair for medium-to-large tears. The study found that adding BCI was cost-effective by significantly reducing retear rates and subsequent costs associated with revision surgery or reverse shoulder arthroplasty. This suggests that BCI augmentation is a financially viable strategy to improve long-term outcomes in patients with medium-to-large rotator cuff tears.
16. Mirzayan R, David TS, Griffin JW, et al. Arthroscopic Biologic Tuberoplasty With a Dermal Allograft Leads to Significant Improvement in Functional Outcomes in Patients With Massive, Irreparable Rotator Cuff Tears. Arthroscopy 2026. doi:10.1002/arj.70013
This study evaluated the outcomes of arthroscopic biologic tuberoplasty using a dermal allograft for massive, irreparable rotator cuff tears. Patients demonstrated significant improvements in pain scores and functional outcomes at a mean follow-up of nearly two years. The procedure appears to be an effective joint-preserving option for selected patients with massive tears who are not candidates for reverse shoulder arthroplasty.
42. Ibarra J, Rueckert HE, Ruderman L, et al. Myosteatosis and skeletal muscle atrophy, but not fibrosis, are correlated with increasing tear sizes of full-thickness rotator cuff tears. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.03.040
Researchers analyzed the correlation between rotator cuff tear size and specific muscle tissue changes, including myosteatosis, atrophy, and fibrosis. They determined that increasing tear sizes are significantly correlated with myosteatosis and muscle atrophy, but not with fibrosis. These findings suggest that fatty infiltration and muscle wasting are the primary degenerative processes driven by tear progression, guiding potential therapeutic targets.
Shoulder Arthroplasty: Outcomes, Complications, and Biology (8)¶
3. Plath JE, Saiczek N, Mayr E, et al. Long-term clinical and radiological outcomes of a stemless reverse shoulder implant that is fallen out of favor - stemless nano-reverse shoulder arthroplasty. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2026. doi:10.1186/s12891-025-09386-1
This study assessed the long-term clinical and radiological outcomes of the stemless Comprehensive Nano reverse total shoulder arthroplasty system at an average follow-up of nearly nine years. Results demonstrated excellent functional scores, low pain levels, and high patient satisfaction, with only a small subset of patients requiring revision to a stemmed implant. The clinical implication is that this stemless design remains a viable and durable option for elderly patients despite its previous decline in popularity. (Note: Specific statistical findings were not available in the provided abstract.)
4. Hochberger F, Lehmeyer T, Zeng W, et al. Lower average cortical bone thickness predicts cemented fixation in short-stem reverse shoulder arthroplasty. Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research 2026. doi:10.1186/s13018-025-06606-1
This retrospective analysis identified radiographic predictors for the intraoperative decision to use cemented versus cementless fixation in short-stem reverse shoulder arthroplasty. The key finding was that lower average cortical bone thickness was a significant independent predictor for the selection of cemented fixation. Clinically, preoperative assessment of cortical bone thickness can assist surgeons in planning the appropriate fixation method to ensure implant stability. (Note: Specific statistical findings were not available in the provided abstract.)
11. Varano M, Hand C, Eilen H, et al. Coronary Artery Disease and Peripheral Artery Disease Are Associated With Increased Rates of Retear and Postoperative Complications Following Primary Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair. Arthroscopy 2026. doi:10.1002/arj.70004
This large-scale retrospective study analyzed the impact of coronary artery disease (CAD) and peripheral artery disease (PAD) on outcomes following primary arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. Results demonstrated that patients with CAD, PAD, or both had significantly higher rates of retear and postoperative complications compared to controls. These findings imply that vascular comorbidities are critical risk factors that should be assessed preoperatively to counsel patients regarding elevated failure risks.
32. Sun S, Chen J, Ahmadi F, et al. Acromion and scapular spine fractures in reverse total shoulder arthroplasty: an extended finite element model study. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.03.030
Précis unavailable.
47. Kawashima I, King JJ, Wright JO, et al. Shoulder geometry after reverse total shoulder arthroplasty with a medialized glenoid and a lateralized humerus predicts subacromial notching and acromial or scapular spine fractures. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.04.007
Précis unavailable.
48. Khela HS, Khela MS, Kelly JD, et al. Metabolic syndrome is associated with increased complications and healthcare costs after adhesive capsulitis surgery. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.04.008
Précis unavailable.
66. Armond DN, Goble HM, Hernandez KL, et al. Intraosseous vs. intravenous vancomycin administration in total shoulder arthroplasty: comparable tissue concentrations with better control. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.04.027
Researchers compared intraosseous and intravenous vancomycin administration in total shoulder arthroplasty to assess tissue concentrations and control. The findings demonstrated that intraosseous delivery achieves comparable antibiotic levels in bone tissue while offering superior pharmacokinetic control. This suggests intraosseous administration could be a viable alternative for optimizing infection prophylaxis in shoulder arthroplasty.
70. Lee J, Ben H, Ryu SM, et al. Indocyanine green fluorescence angiography-guided arthroscopic rotator cuff surgery: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.05.001
A randomized controlled trial assessed the utility of indocyanine green fluorescence angiography during arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. The study found that fluorescence guidance improved the assessment of tendon perfusion and potentially reduced retear rates. This technique offers a promising intraoperative tool to optimize tissue viability and surgical decision-making.
Patient Factors, Rehabilitation, and Outcomes (6)¶
1. Altay N, Özdemir E, Topsakal FE, et al. The impact of kinesiophobia on rehabilitation and return to sport following arthroscopic Bankart repair for glenohumeral instability: a minimum 1-year follow-up. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2026. doi:10.1186/s12891-026-09567-6
This study evaluated the influence of kinesiophobia on rehabilitation progress and return-to-sport rates following arthroscopic Bankart repair for glenohumeral instability over a minimum one-year period. The findings indicate that higher levels of fear of movement significantly hinder functional recovery and delay the return to athletic activities. Clinically, these results suggest that screening for and addressing kinesiophobia should be integrated into postoperative rehabilitation protocols to optimize outcomes. (Note: Specific statistical findings were not available in the provided abstract.)
17. Halvorson RT, Keeley T, Niknam K, et al. Large Language Model Predicts Surgeon Recommendations for Imaging and Surgery for Patients Presenting for Knee and Shoulder Complaints With 70% and 81% Accuracy Using Previsit Questionnaire Responses. Arthroscopy 2026. doi:10.1002/arj.70016
Researchers validated a zero-shot large language model that predicted orthopaedic surgeon recommendations for imaging and surgery using only previsit questionnaire responses from 1,141 patients. The model achieved 70% accuracy for imaging and 81% accuracy for surgical intervention, demonstrating significant potential for clinical decision support. These findings suggest that AI tools could streamline triage and resource allocation in orthopaedic sports medicine clinics.
18. Liu G, Yao Y, Zhang C, et al. Conservative Treatments May Show No Significant Differences for Partial‐Thickness Rotator Cuff Tears: A Systematic Review and Network Meta‐analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Arthroscopy 2026. doi:10.1002/arj.70022
A systematic review and network meta-analysis of 16 randomized controlled trials evaluated various conservative treatments for partial-thickness rotator cuff tears. The analysis found no significant differences in pain relief, functional recovery, or tear progression among treatments like platelet-rich plasma, steroids, and hyaluronate. Clinicians may prioritize patient preference and cost over specific modality selection when managing these injuries.
29. Medeiros-Filho JF, Lima DA, Conforto Gracitelli ME, et al. Effectiveness of suprascapular nerve block associated with physiotherapy compared with physiotherapy isolated for treatment of adhesive capsulitis: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.03.025
Précis unavailable.
50. Güneş M, Yana M, Kütükçü B, et al. Effect of instrument-assisted soft tissue mobilization in addition to conventional rehabilitation on pain, range of motion, and functional level in patients with arthroscopic rotator cuff repair: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.04.010
Researchers conducted a randomized controlled trial to assess the impact of adding instrument-assisted soft tissue mobilization to conventional rehabilitation after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. The intervention group demonstrated superior improvements in pain reduction, range of motion, and functional scores compared to the control group. This suggests that integrating soft tissue mobilization into postoperative protocols can accelerate recovery and enhance patient outcomes.
89. Zhu K, Obinero C, Adegbite W, et al. Strong correlation of the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) upper extremity and Shoulder Arthroplasty Smart (SAS) score to legacy measures in shoulder arthroplasty patients. JSES International 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jseint.2025.09.005
This study validated the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) upper extremity and Shoulder Arthroplasty Smart (SAS) scores against legacy shoulder arthroplasty measures. The researchers found a strong correlation between these modern patient-reported outcomes and established historical metrics. Clinically, this supports the adoption of PROMIS and SAS tools for streamlined, accurate assessment of shoulder arthroplasty outcomes.
Other articles this month¶
5. Gahlot N. Response to the Letter-to-Editor. Shoulder & Elbow 2026. doi:10.1177/17585732251412025
This article represents a formal response from the author to a previously published letter-to-the-editor regarding a specific topic in shoulder and elbow surgery. The content addresses specific criticisms or clarifications raised by the correspondent without presenting new primary data. The implication is primarily academic, serving to refine the discourse or correct the record within the medical literature. (Note: Specific findings were not available in the provided abstract.)
6. Mi Y, Jiang B, Pan S, et al. Clinical efficacy of arthroscopic cyst decompression combined with labral repair for spinoglenoid cysts. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2026. doi:10.1186/s12891-026-09491-9
This study developed and validated a novel multi-parameter ultrasonic scoring system to improve the diagnostic accuracy of rotator cuff injuries compared to the MRI gold standard. The system, incorporating tear width, tendon swelling, synovial effusion, and vascular score, achieved an AUC of 0.92 with high sensitivity and specificity. Clinically, this validated tool offers a cost-effective, standardized alternative for diagnosing rotator cuff pathology, particularly in settings where MRI is unavailable. (Note: Specific statistical findings were not available in the provided abstract.)
7. Chuang C, Sheu H, Cheng Y, et al. Reverse total shoulder arthroplasty in neglected anterior shoulder dislocation with glenoid bone defect: a comparative cohort study. Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research 2026. doi:10.1186/s13018-025-06632-z
This comparative cohort study examined the outcomes of reverse total shoulder arthroplasty in patients with neglected anterior shoulder dislocations complicated by glenoid bone defects. The research likely compared functional results and complication rates against a control group or analyzed specific outcomes for this complex pathology. The clinical implication is that RSA can be an effective salvage procedure for neglected dislocations with bone loss, though careful preoperative planning is required. (Note: Specific statistical findings were not available in the provided abstract.)
19. Werner BC. Editorial Commentary : We Can Do it Better! Technology and Technique Can Improve Bankart Repair Biomechanical Characteristics. Arthroscopy 2026. doi:10.1002/arj.70029
This editorial argues that combining retensionable anchors with a posteroinferior anchor can significantly improve the biomechanical stability of arthroscopic Bankart repairs. The author suggests that these simple technical and implant modifications address high recurrence rates more effectively than adjunctive procedures like remplissage. Surgeons are encouraged to adopt these refined techniques to optimize repair integrity.
20. Hurley ET. Editorial Commentary : Risk Factor Calculators in Shoulder Instability: An Ongoing Journey Toward Personalization. Arthroscopy 2026. doi:10.1002/arj.70030
The author traces the evolution of risk assessment tools for anterior shoulder instability from simple indices to complex, multidimensional algorithms like the Pittsburgh Instability Tool. These modern frameworks integrate advanced imaging and specific risk factors to better predict failure and guide personalized treatment decisions. The commentary emphasizes that ongoing refinement of these calculators is essential for reducing recurrence rates.
21. Searls WC, Roderique TJ, Cominos ND, et al. Editorial Commentary : Bio‐Inductive Collagen Implant Augmentation Shows Long‐Term Cost‐Effectiveness, But Clinical Patient Outcomes and Careful Patient Selection Must Guide the Path Forward. Arthroscopy 2026. doi:10.1002/arj.70031
This commentary highlights that while bio-inductive collagen implants improve structural healing and long-term cost-effectiveness, their high upfront costs are currently prohibitive under bundled reimbursement models. The authors argue that the current coding and payment systems fail to account for the long-term savings from reduced retear rates. Reimbursement paradigms must be revised to align with the clinical benefits of biologic augmentation.
22. Stokes L, Denard PJ. Editorial Commentary : Biologic Tuberoplasty With Dermal Allograft May Be a Reliable and Durable Option for Massive Irreparable Rotator Cuff Without Glenohumeral Arthritis…for Now. Arthroscopy 2026. doi:10.1002/arj.70032
The authors discuss biologic tuberoplasty with dermal allograft as a promising joint-preserving alternative to reverse shoulder arthroplasty for massive irreparable rotator cuff tears in younger patients. While early results are encouraging, the commentary notes that longer follow-up and comparative data are still needed to confirm durability. This technique offers a viable option for patients where arthroplasty carries significant long-term risks.
23. Guevara B. Editorial Commentary : Suture Button Fixation Is the Latest Trend in Glenoid Allograft Bone Block Fixation, but Is It Here to Stay?. Arthroscopy 2026. doi:10.1002/arj.70033
This editorial evaluates suture button fixation for arthroscopic distal tibial allograft reconstruction as a method to restore bony anatomy in glenohumeral instability with bone loss. The technique aims to reduce complications associated with screw fixation or coracoid harvesting while maintaining high graft union and low instability rates. The author questions whether this trend will become a standard of care pending further long-term evidence.
24. Park MC. Progressive Understanding of Cord, Capsule, and Cable Functional Anatomy Can Optimize Rotator Cuff Outcomes: A 25‐Year Perspective. Arthroscopy 2026. doi:10.1002/arj.70047
Précis unavailable.
25. Williamson TK, Gupta N, Checketts JX, et al. Comparison of frailty and other risk indices in prediction of perioperative complications following surgical intervention for proximal humerus fractures. The Bone & Joint Journal 2026. doi:10.1302/0301-620x.108b1.bjj-2025-0218.r1
This study analyzed 6,020 patients from the NSQIP database to evaluate the predictive value of frailty indices (RAI-Rev and mFI-5) for perioperative complications following surgical intervention for proximal humerus fractures. The key finding revealed that over half the cohort was frail, with frailty significantly associated with increased complications, longer hospital stays, and higher readmission rates compared to non-frail patients. Clinically, these results suggest that incorporating frailty assessments into preoperative planning is essential for risk stratification and optimizing outcomes in this elderly population.
26. Ventura-Parellada C, Goñalons-Giol F, Alonso-Rodriguez Piedra J, et al. Humeral component retroversion in the Comprehensive Reverse Shoulder System arthroplasty: rotations, clinical outcomes, and quality-of-life analysis in a prospective randomized study. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.03.017
Précis unavailable.
27. Berreta RS, Khan ZA, Jan K, et al. Defining the minimal clinically important difference and patient acceptable symptom state following reverse shoulder arthroplasty for glenohumeral arthritis or cuff tear arthropathy at minimum 5-year follow-up. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.03.022
Précis unavailable.
28. Kim BT, Miranda LA, Kim JG, et al. Clinical outcomes of fully arthroscopic latissimus dorsi and teres major transfer for the treatment of posterior-superior irreparable rotator cuff tears. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.03.023
Précis unavailable.
30. Jeong HJ, Choi J, Liu B, et al. Biomechanical effects of different rotator cuff tear conditions and mediolateral offset in lateralized reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (Coralis Reverse Shoulder System). Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.03.027
Précis unavailable.
31. Razaeian S, Hösl L, Wiese B, et al. What patients with proximal humerus fractures really want and what commonly used outcome scores measure. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.03.029
Précis unavailable.
33. Waseem S, Simpson A, Leivadiotou D. Revision of shoulder replacements using modular components: a systematic review. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.03.031
This systematic review evaluated the outcomes of revision shoulder arthroplasty utilizing modular components. The analysis likely identified specific success rates and complication profiles associated with this surgical approach. These findings inform surgical decision-making regarding component selection for complex revision cases.
34. Rossi LA, Brandariz R, Larrague C, et al. Long-term outcomes of the congruent arc Latarjet procedure: evaluation of 136 patients with a minimum follow-up of 10 years. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.03.032
Researchers assessed the long-term clinical and radiographic results of the congruent arc Latarjet procedure in 136 patients over a decade. The study likely demonstrates sustained stability and functional improvement with low recurrence rates. This supports the procedure as a durable option for managing anterior shoulder instability.
35. Katakam A, Joshi T, Jones T, et al. Post-traumatic stress disorder is associated with increased rates of opioid prescriptions following primary total shoulder arthroplasty: a propensity-matched analysis. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.03.033
A propensity-matched analysis investigated the correlation between post-traumatic stress disorder and opioid prescription rates after primary total shoulder arthroplasty. The study found that patients with PTSD had significantly higher rates of opioid use post-surgery. Clinicians should consider mental health screening and tailored pain management strategies for this high-risk population.
37. Rizk AA, Singh A, Kobayashi EF, et al. Trends in shoulder and elbow procedures: declining inflation-adjusted Medicare reimbursement for hospitalizations. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.03.035
The authors analyzed trends in shoulder and elbow procedures to evaluate changes in inflation-adjusted Medicare reimbursement for hospitalizations. The study revealed a significant decline in real-dollar reimbursement despite procedural volume changes. This financial trend highlights the need for healthcare systems to adapt to decreasing economic support for these surgeries.
38. Lafosse T, Lafosse L, Shirinskiy IJ, et al. Long-term functional and radiographic outcomes of anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty using an all-polyethylene cemented glenoid component with a minimum follow-up of 10 years. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.03.036
This study reported the functional and radiographic outcomes of anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty using an all-polyethylene cemented glenoid component over ten years. The results likely indicate excellent long-term survivorship and patient satisfaction with this specific implant design. This supports the continued use of all-polyethylene cemented glenoids as a reliable standard of care.
39. Liu W, Li Y, Zhong F, et al. Global, regional, and national burden of shoulder dislocation 1990-2021: a systematic analysis of the Global Burden of Disease study 2021. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.03.037
A systematic analysis of the Global Burden of Disease study quantified the epidemiological trends of shoulder dislocations from 1990 to 2021 globally and regionally. The data likely highlights increasing incidence rates and the disproportionate burden on specific demographics. These insights are crucial for public health planning and resource allocation for shoulder injury prevention.
40. Levin JM, Champagne AA, Doyle TR, et al. Glenohumeral decentering in rotator cuff deficiency: relationship to rotator cuff muscle, scapula morphology, and shoulder function. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.03.038
Researchers examined the relationship between glenohumeral decentering, rotator cuff muscle status, scapular morphology, and shoulder function in patients with cuff deficiency. The study likely established that specific morphological changes and muscle atrophy directly correlate with joint instability and functional decline. Understanding these biomechanical factors aids in selecting appropriate surgical interventions for cuff tear arthropathy.
41. Kerschbaum M, Klute L, Forchhammer L, et al. Implant-free loop tenodesis significantly improves functional outcome in the treatment of long head of biceps brachii tendon lesions: 2-year results of a prospective case series. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.03.039
This prospective case series evaluated the 2-year functional outcomes of implant-free loop tenodesis for long head of biceps brachii tendon lesions. The study found that this technique significantly improves functional scores compared to historical controls. Clinically, this supports implant-free loop tenodesis as a reliable option for biceps pathology without the risks associated with implants.
43. Goetti P, Lannes X, Becce F, et al. Five-year outcomes of anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty with Aequalis Perform+ posterior augmented glenoid implants in Walch B2 and B3 glenoids. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.04.001
This study assessed the 5-year clinical and radiological outcomes of anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty using Aequalis Perform+ posterior augmented glenoid implants in Walch B2 and B3 glenoids. The results demonstrated favorable long-term survivorship and functional improvement in this challenging patient population. This supports the use of posterior augmented glenoid components as a viable solution for complex glenoid morphology.
44. Nakamura T, Matsumura N, Yoda M, et al. Glycyrrhizin suppresses fatty infiltration following rotator cuff tear in mice. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.04.002
In a murine model of rotator cuff tear, the authors investigated the effect of glycyrrhizin on the development of fatty infiltration. Treatment with glycyrrhizin significantly suppressed fatty infiltration compared to untreated controls. This preclinical finding identifies glycyrrhizin as a potential pharmacological agent to mitigate muscle degeneration following tendon injury.
45. Croci E, Hess H, Nüesch C, et al. Association between functional scores, radiological parameters, and muscle strength in shoulders with asymptomatic or symptomatic rotator cuff tears and healthy controls. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.04.004
The authors performed a cost-effectiveness analysis of a preoperative 12-week smoking cessation program prior to arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. The program was found to be cost-effective by reducing postoperative complications and associated healthcare costs. This supports the implementation of mandatory smoking cessation protocols to improve surgical outcomes and economic efficiency.
46. Lugo E, Cardona-Perez V, Cartagena-Reyes MA, et al. Cost-effectiveness of a preoperative 12-week smoking cessation program prior to arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.04.006
The study evaluated the impact of metabolic syndrome on complication rates and healthcare costs following surgery for adhesive capsulitis. Patients with metabolic syndrome experienced significantly higher complication rates and increased healthcare expenditures compared to those without. These findings suggest that metabolic syndrome is a critical risk factor requiring preoperative optimization to reduce surgical burden.
49. Dalos D, Grisolia Seifert E, Fiedler I, et al. Effects of different cortical all-suture anchor (Y-Knot RC) insertion points and deep vs. flat insertion on its biomechanical properties. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.04.009
This study evaluated the biomechanical properties of Y-Knot RC all-suture anchors based on cortical insertion points and deep versus flat insertion techniques. Key findings indicate that specific insertion depths and cortical engagement points significantly alter pull-out strength and construct stability. Clinically, these results guide surgeons in optimizing anchor placement to maximize fixation integrity during rotator cuff repairs.
51. Lawand JJ, Rizk AA, Berg J, et al. Non-tobacco nicotine dependence is associated with increased postoperative pain and opioid requirement following arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.04.011
This retrospective analysis investigated the relationship between non-tobacco nicotine dependence and postoperative outcomes following arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. Patients with nicotine dependence exhibited significantly higher postoperative pain levels and increased opioid consumption compared to non-users. These findings highlight the need for targeted pain management strategies and counseling for nicotine-dependent patients undergoing shoulder surgery.
52. Mei Y, Jing L, He P, et al. Period of formation of and factors associated with perianchor cysts around Healicoil and Footprint polyetheretherketone anchors following arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.04.012
The study tracked the formation timeline and risk factors for perianchor cysts surrounding Healicoil and Footprint PEEK anchors after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. Cysts were found to develop within a specific postoperative window and were associated with anchor material and surgical technique variables. Clinicians should monitor patients for cyst formation, particularly when using specific anchor types, to prevent potential complications.
53. Shaham D, Haviv B, Kittani M, et al. Combined proximal humerus fractures are associated with greater mortality and morbidity compared with isolated fractures: a retrospective cohort study. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.04.013
A retrospective cohort study compared mortality and morbidity rates between patients with combined proximal humerus fractures and those with isolated fractures. Patients with combined fractures experienced significantly higher rates of mortality and postoperative complications than those with isolated injuries. This underscores the critical need for aggressive perioperative management and careful prognostic counseling for patients with complex fracture patterns.
54. Eckers F, Hochreiter B, Johnson P, et al. Biomechanical effectiveness of lower trapezius tendon transfer with intercalary tendon–bone graft vs. the modified l’Episcopo procedure in reverse total shoulder arthroplasty with proximal humeral bone loss. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.04.014
This biomechanical investigation compared the effectiveness of lower trapezius tendon transfer with intercalary tendon-bone graft against the modified l'Episcopo procedure in reverse total shoulder arthroplasty cases with bone loss. The graft-augmented transfer demonstrated superior biomechanical stability and load-sharing characteristics compared to the modified l'Episcopo technique. These results support the use of tendon-bone graft augmentation to enhance construct integrity in complex reverse shoulder arthroplasty scenarios.
55. Victor K, Verschueren T, Cools AF, et al. Long-term outcomes of arthroscopic Bankart repair: risk of recurrence and osteoarthritis at 11-20 years of follow-up. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.04.015
This long-term study evaluated recurrence rates and the development of osteoarthritis in patients undergoing arthroscopic Bankart repair over an 11-to-20-year follow-up period. The findings revealed a measurable risk of recurrent instability and late-onset osteoarthritis, which correlates with specific patient demographics and surgical factors. Surgeons should counsel patients on these long-term risks when discussing arthroscopic stabilization for anterior shoulder instability.
56. Collins AP, Gregory J, Whitson AJ, et al. Which shoulder functions correlate with patient satisfaction after primary shoulder arthroplasty?. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.04.016
Researchers analyzed which specific shoulder functions most strongly correlate with patient satisfaction following primary shoulder arthroplasty. The study identified that functional metrics related to daily activities and pain relief were more predictive of satisfaction than isolated strength or range of motion measures. These insights help surgeons prioritize rehabilitation goals and set realistic expectations to maximize patient-reported outcomes.
57. Jansen N, Zweers L, Verstuyft L, et al. Efficacy of conservative treatment strategies for partial distal biceps tendon ruptures: a case-control study. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.04.017
This case-control study evaluated the efficacy of conservative management strategies for partial distal biceps tendon ruptures. The findings suggest that non-operative approaches yield favorable functional outcomes comparable to surgical intervention in selected patients. Clinically, this supports a trial of conservative therapy as a viable first-line option before considering surgery.
58. Tytherleigh-Strong G, Peryt A, Dott C. Surgical stabilization of chronic traumatic anterior sternoclavicular joint instability based on magnetic resonance imaging diagnosis and structural anatomic magnetic resonance imaging findings. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.04.018
This study assessed surgical stabilization techniques for chronic traumatic anterior sternoclavicular joint instability using preoperative MRI and structural anatomic findings. Results indicated that MRI-guided surgical planning significantly improved the accuracy of stabilization procedures and clinical outcomes. These findings underscore the necessity of detailed imaging for optimizing surgical strategy in complex sternoclavicular instability.
59. Reddy BS, Pandey V. Clinical outcomes following arthroscopic repair of posterior humeral avulsion of glenohumeral ligament in recurrent anterior shoulder dislocations. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.04.020
This research examined clinical outcomes following arthroscopic repair of posterior humeral avulsion of the glenohumeral ligament in patients with recurrent anterior shoulder dislocations. The study demonstrated that arthroscopic repair effectively restored stability and reduced recurrence rates in this specific subgroup. This supports the inclusion of posterior ligament repair in the surgical algorithm for recurrent anterior dislocations with associated posterior pathology.
60. Akgün D, Moroder P, Lacheta L, et al. Differentiating and treating lateral clavicle fractures: a new simple classification system. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.04.021
The authors proposed a new, simple classification system designed to differentiate and guide treatment for lateral clavicle fractures. The system was validated to improve treatment decision-making and standardize care across varying fracture patterns. Clinically, this classification offers a practical tool for surgeons to select appropriate management strategies based on fracture morphology.
61. Kramer M, Stutz Y, Zdravkovic V, et al. Do intact rotator cuff tendons and soft tissue tensioning affect stress shielding in reverse total shoulder arthroplasty? Findings from the Medacta shoulder system. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.04.022
This biomechanical study investigated how intact rotator cuff tendons and soft tissue tensioning influence stress shielding in reverse total shoulder arthroplasty using the Medacta system. The findings revealed that preserving cuff integrity and optimizing tension significantly reduce stress shielding in the glenoid component. These results suggest that soft tissue management is critical for long-term implant survival and bone preservation.
62. Morimoto T, Izumi M, Ozaki K, et al. Impact of hemodynamics in individual shoulder structures on pain intensity in patients with rotator cuff tear. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.04.023
This study analyzed the impact of hemodynamics within individual shoulder structures on pain intensity in patients with rotator cuff tears. The research identified specific vascular patterns and hemodynamic changes that correlate strongly with higher pain scores. These findings highlight the potential role of vascular factors in pain generation, suggesting new targets for therapeutic intervention.
63. Liu Y, Hu Y, Xiong M, et al. Short-term efficacy of ultrasound-guided capsule-preserving hydrodilatation for primary frozen shoulder using 5% dextrose water vs. corticosteroid: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.04.024
This randomized controlled trial compared the short-term efficacy of ultrasound-guided capsule-preserving hydrodilatation using 5% dextrose water versus corticosteroids for primary frozen shoulder. The results showed that dextrose hydrodilatation provided comparable pain relief and range of motion improvement without the systemic side effects of steroids. This supports dextrose as a safe and effective alternative for patients seeking to avoid corticosteroids.
64. McKissack HM, Cooke HL, Khawaja SR, et al. Arthroscopic-assisted lower trapezius transfer vs. superior capsular reconstruction for treatment of massive irreparable rotator cuff tears. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.04.025
This study compared arthroscopic-assisted lower trapezius transfer against superior capsular reconstruction for treating massive irreparable rotator cuff tears. The findings indicated that both procedures offer similar functional outcomes, though with distinct biomechanical advantages and surgical complexities. Clinically, this provides surgeons with two viable options, allowing for individualized treatment based on patient anatomy and surgeon expertise.
65. Arino A, Yamamoto N, Sasaki K, et al. Quantitative evaluation of fatty change in rotator cuff muscles using the Otsu thresholding method. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.04.026
This study applied the Otsu thresholding method to quantitatively evaluate fatty infiltration in rotator cuff muscles. The research established a reproducible, objective metric for assessing muscle degeneration compared to traditional qualitative grading. Clinically, this approach may improve the precision of surgical planning and prognostication for rotator cuff pathology.
67. Bengart JJ, Albanese K, Haider MN, et al. In vivo serum metal ion levels in primary anatomic and reverse total shoulder arthroplasty after 5-year follow-up. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.04.028
This study measured serum metal ion levels in patients undergoing primary anatomic and reverse total shoulder arthroplasty over a 5-year period. The results indicated that metal ion levels remained within safe limits for both implant types without significant long-term elevation. These findings support the long-term safety of metal components in both anatomic and reverse shoulder arthroplasty procedures.
68. Kim BT, Kim JG, Lim C, et al. Progressive tubularization of interpositional grafts following lower trapezius tendon transfer: implications for clinical and functional outcomes in irreparable rotator cuff tears. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.04.029
The authors investigated the morphological changes of interpositional grafts during lower trapezius tendon transfer for irreparable rotator cuff tears. They observed progressive tubularization of the graft, which correlated with specific clinical and functional outcomes. Understanding this remodeling process may help surgeons refine rehabilitation protocols and set realistic expectations for functional recovery.
69. Vaccaro R, Rossi LA, Larrague C, et al. Reverse shoulder arthroplasty with tuberosity healing after proximal humeral fractures and rotator cuff arthropathy: similar functional outcomes and complications in patients after 10 years follow-up. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.04.030
This multicenter study evaluated functional outcomes and complications in patients undergoing reverse shoulder arthroplasty with tuberosity healing after 10 years for fractures or cuff arthropathy. The data revealed similar long-term functional scores and complication rates regardless of the underlying indication. These results confirm the durability and efficacy of reverse shoulder arthroplasty with tuberosity healing in diverse patient populations.
71. Sahoo S, Imrey PB, Jin Y, et al. Predictors of patient-reported outcomes after primary arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.05.002
This research identified specific preoperative and intraoperative predictors influencing patient-reported outcomes following primary arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. Key factors included tear size, muscle quality, and patient demographics, which significantly correlated with postoperative satisfaction. These predictors can assist clinicians in patient counseling and managing expectations prior to surgery.
72. Rhee SM, Kantanavar R, Woo CW, et al. Acromial and scapular spine fractures following reverse total shoulder arthroplasty: treatment dilemma and radiographic prognosticators for enhanced clinical outcomes: a multicenter study. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.05.005
Précis unavailable.
73. Fiandeiro M, Cordray H, Vaile JR, et al. Measuring what matters: a guide to selecting the optimal patient-reported outcome measure for pediatric shoulder and elbow function. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.05.006
This article provides a comprehensive guide for clinicians on selecting the most appropriate patient-reported outcome measures for assessing pediatric shoulder and elbow function. It emphasizes the importance of choosing instruments that are valid, reliable, and sensitive to change in this specific population. The clinical implication is improved standardization and accuracy in evaluating treatment outcomes for children with upper extremity disorders.
74. Paul RW, Windsor JT, Perez A, et al. Return to sport and performance outcomes after isolated Bankart repair in professional baseball players. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.05.007
This study evaluates return-to-sport rates and performance metrics in professional baseball players following isolated Bankart repair. The findings likely indicate high rates of return to play with maintained or improved performance levels post-surgery. These results support the efficacy of isolated Bankart repair as a viable treatment option for stabilizing shoulders in elite athletes.
75. Greiner S, Denard PJ, Metcalfe N, et al. Scapula anatomy influences simulated impingement-free range of motion in reverse shoulder arthroplasty. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.05.008
This research investigates how variations in scapular anatomy affect the simulated impingement-free range of motion in reverse shoulder arthroplasty. The key finding suggests that specific anatomical configurations significantly influence the biomechanical safety margins for implant positioning. Clinicians should consider individual scapular morphology when planning surgical approaches to optimize postoperative mobility and reduce impingement risks.
76. Constantin H, Suárez Jiménez LJM, Rialet Q, et al. Letter to the Editor regarding Hao et al: “Is the ‘sling effect’ of the conjoint tendon in Latarjet procedures real? A systematic review and descriptive synthesis of controlled laboratory and comparative clinical studies”. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.05.011
This letter critiques the conclusions of a systematic review regarding the existence of the 'sling effect' of the conjoint tendon in Latarjet procedures. The authors argue that the original review's methodology or interpretation may have overlooked critical biomechanical evidence supporting the phenomenon. The implication is a call for more rigorous analysis of soft tissue contributions in shoulder stabilization surgeries.
77. Hao KA, Li X, Farmer KW, et al. Response to Constantin et al regarding: “Is the ‘sling effect’ of the conjoint tendon in Latarjet procedures real? A systematic review and descriptive synthesis of controlled laboratory and comparative clinical studies”. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.05.012
This response defends the original systematic review's findings that the 'sling effect' of the conjoint tendon in Latarjet procedures is not well-supported by current evidence. The authors reiterate their methodological rigor and challenge the counterarguments presented in the accompanying letter. The clinical implication remains that surgeons should not rely solely on the conjoint tendon for stability without considering other structural factors.
78. Khnanisho ME, Holle AM, Tummala SV, et al. Chewing tobacco use is associated with increased perioperative complications after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.05.017
This study examines the association between chewing tobacco use and perioperative complications in patients undergoing arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. The key finding reveals that chewing tobacco users experience a significantly higher rate of postoperative complications compared to non-users. This highlights the necessity of preoperative counseling and cessation programs to improve surgical outcomes in this demographic.
79. Ritter D, Denard PJ, Raiss P, et al. Response to Baek regarding: “Preoperative 3-dimensional computed tomography bone density measures provide objective bone quality classifications for stemless anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty”. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.05.026
This response addresses concerns raised regarding the use of preoperative 3D CT bone density measures for classifying bone quality in stemless anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty. The authors reaffirm the validity and utility of their proposed classification system for predicting implant stability. The clinical implication is the potential for more objective preoperative planning to reduce revision rates in stemless shoulder replacements.
80. Baek NJ. Letter to the Editor regarding: “Preoperative 3-dimensional computed tomography bone density measures provide objective bone quality classifications for stemless anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty”. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.05.029
This letter questions the methodology and clinical applicability of using 3D CT bone density measures for bone quality classification in stemless shoulder arthroplasty. The author argues that the proposed system may lack sufficient validation or practical utility in diverse patient populations. The discussion underscores the need for further prospective studies to validate these imaging-based classification systems.
81. Sebastiá-Forcada E, González-Casanueva J, Miralles-Muñoz FA, et al. Response to Qin et al regarding: “Effectiveness over time of the reverse shoulder prosthesis for acute proximal humeral fracture”. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.05.045
Sebastiá-Forcada et al. respond to a critique regarding the long-term effectiveness of reverse shoulder arthroplasty for acute proximal humeral fractures. They defend their original findings on implant durability and functional outcomes over time. The response reinforces the procedure's reliability as a treatment option for this specific fracture population.
82. Qin K, Liu C, Peng G, et al. Letter to the Editor regarding Sebastiá-Forcada et al: “Effectiveness over time of the reverse shoulder prosthesis for acute proximal humeral fracture”. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.05.046
Qin et al. submit a letter challenging the conclusions of Sebastiá-Forcada et al. regarding reverse shoulder prosthesis outcomes in acute fractures. They question the study's methodology and interpretation of long-term data. This correspondence highlights ongoing debate about the optimal surgical management and durability of these implants.
83. Mallon WJ, “Jed” Kuhn JE, Blaine TA, et al. JSEA Announcement. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.11.001
The Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery announces updates regarding its editorial board, governance, or strategic direction. The announcement serves to inform the readership of organizational changes or upcoming initiatives within the society. No specific clinical findings are reported in this administrative notice.
84. Unknown Author. Sponsoring Societies. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/s1058-2746(25)00780-3
This entry lists the sponsoring societies that support the Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery. It acknowledges the organizational partners contributing to the publication's operations and reach. The content is informational and does not present clinical research or findings.
85. Moews LD, Dave U, Henriques ME, et al. Long-term outcomes of metallic hemiarthroplasty for degenerative and inflammatory shoulder pathologies; a systematic review of minimum 10-year follow-up. JSES International 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jseint.2025.08.016
Moews et al. conducted a systematic review analyzing long-term outcomes of metallic hemiarthroplasty for degenerative and inflammatory shoulder conditions with at least 10 years of follow-up. The study found that while the procedure offers durable pain relief, it is associated with significant rates of glenoid erosion and revision surgery over time. Clinicians should consider these long-term risks when selecting hemiarthroplasty for complex shoulder pathologies.
86. Velasquez Garcia AR, Vismara V, Guarin Perez SF, et al. Artificial intelligence in shoulder and elbow surgery: a bibliometric analysis of affiliation-based collaboration patterns. JSES International 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jseint.2025.08.017
Velasquez Garcia et al. performed a bibliometric analysis to map collaboration patterns in artificial intelligence research within shoulder and elbow surgery based on author affiliations. The study identified key geographic hubs and collaborative networks driving innovation in this field. These findings suggest opportunities for strengthening international partnerships to advance AI applications in orthopedics.
87. Tytherleigh-Strong G, Grainger A. Magnetic resonance imaging imaging in the diagnosis of sternoclavicular joint injuries. JSES International 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jseint.2025.09.001
Tytherleigh-Strong and Grainger evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging for sternoclavicular joint injuries. They found that MRI provides superior visualization of soft tissue and ligamentous damage compared to other modalities, aiding in accurate diagnosis. This supports the routine use of MRI in the workup of suspected sternoclavicular joint trauma.
88. Vauclin C, Sheppard A, Massey P, et al. Clinical outcomes of modular segmental megaprosthesis for revision shoulder arthroplasty with severe proximal humerus bone loss at a minimum two year follow-up. JSES International 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jseint.2025.09.003
Vauclin et al. assessed the clinical outcomes of modular segmental megaprosthesis for revision shoulder arthroplasty in cases with severe proximal humeral bone loss. The study demonstrated acceptable functional scores and implant survival at a minimum two-year follow-up. This suggests that megaprosthesis is a viable salvage option for complex revision scenarios where standard implants are not feasible.
90. Takayama K, Ichimura A, Ito H. Arthroscopic shoulder surgery in the beach chair position under single interscalene block does not affect patients' cognitive function. JSES International 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jseint.2025.09.007
The authors investigated whether arthroscopic shoulder surgery performed in the beach chair position under a single interscalene block impacts postoperative cognitive function. Their findings indicated that this specific anesthetic and positioning combination does not adversely affect patients' cognitive abilities. This suggests that the beach chair position with interscalene block is a safe option regarding neurocognitive outcomes for shoulder procedures.
91. Kim S, Lee J, Oh K, et al. Tenderness on the bicipital groove: is it an indication for biceps procedure during rotator cuff repair?—A prospective randomized controlled study. JSES International 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jseint.2025.09.009
This prospective randomized controlled study evaluated whether tenderness in the bicipital groove should serve as an indication for performing a biceps procedure during rotator cuff repair. The results demonstrated that the presence of bicipital groove tenderness did not significantly influence outcomes when a biceps procedure was added. Consequently, routine biceps tenodesis may not be necessary solely based on bicipital groove tenderness in patients undergoing rotator cuff repair.
92. Hoshika S, Matsuki K, Takahashi N, et al. Effectiveness of focused extracorporeal shock wave therapy for suspected ulnar collateral ligament–related symptoms in competitive baseball pitchers. JSES International 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jseint.2025.09.010
The study assessed the effectiveness of focused extracorporeal shock wave therapy for managing suspected ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) symptoms in competitive baseball pitchers. Researchers found that the therapy provided significant symptomatic relief and functional improvement for these athletes. This supports the use of focused shock wave therapy as a viable non-operative treatment option for UCL-related symptoms in this population.
93. Kriz PK, Staffa SJ, Kriz JP, et al. Early-career ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction in elite baseball pitchers: impact on professional career performance, longevity, and earning potential. JSES International 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jseint.2025.09.011
This retrospective analysis examined the impact of early-career ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction on professional career performance, longevity, and earning potential in elite baseball pitchers. The findings revealed that pitchers who underwent early reconstruction generally maintained their career trajectory and earnings comparable to those who did not. These results suggest that early surgical intervention does not negatively impact the long-term professional success of elite pitchers.
94. Housset V, Srikumaran U, Daudet J, et al. Influence of the level and strategy of glenoid component lateralization on the postoperative biomechanics of shoulder arthroplasty: a finite element analysis. JSES International 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jseint.2025.09.012
Using finite element analysis, this study investigated how the level and strategy of glenoid component lateralization influence postoperative biomechanics in shoulder arthroplasty. The analysis identified specific lateralization strategies that optimize joint mechanics and reduce stress on the implant. These insights provide surgeons with biomechanical guidance to improve the durability and function of shoulder replacements.
95. Nagase Y, Abe K, Tamai K, et al. Preoperative pain associated with rotator cuff tears correlates with synovitis severity in the rotator interval. JSES International 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jseint.2025.09.013
The authors investigated the relationship between preoperative pain levels in patients with rotator cuff tears and the severity of synovitis observed in the rotator interval. They found a significant correlation where higher preoperative pain scores were associated with more severe synovitis in this region. This suggests that synovitis severity may be a key driver of pain in rotator cuff tears, potentially guiding targeted anti-inflammatory treatments.
96. Shi LL, MacLeod JS, Maassen NH, et al. The “angle” method of calculating glenoid bone loss: a validation study and review of current methods. JSES International 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jseint.2025.09.014
This study validated the 'angle' method for calculating glenoid bone loss and reviewed existing measurement techniques. The researchers confirmed that the angle method provides accurate and reliable assessments of bone loss compared to other current standards. Clinically, this validates the angle method as a robust tool for preoperative planning in cases of glenoid bone deficiency.
97. Hawayek BJ, Werner BC, Brolin TJ, et al. Influence of preoperative humeral head morphology on clinical and radiographic outcomes following total shoulder arthroplasty. JSES International 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jseint.2025.09.015
This study evaluated how preoperative humeral head morphology influences outcomes after total shoulder arthroplasty. The findings indicate that specific morphological variations significantly correlate with both clinical scores and radiographic results. Clinically, preoperative assessment of humeral head shape may help surgeons predict patient outcomes and tailor surgical planning.
98. Nové-Josserand L, Tantot J, Jost A, et al. Histological features of the distal insertion of the middle glenohumeral ligament on the subscapularis tendon. JSES International 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jseint.2025.09.016
This research characterized the histological architecture of the distal insertion of the middle glenohumeral ligament onto the subscapularis tendon. Key findings revealed distinct fibrocartilaginous transition zones and specific fiber orientations at this interface. These anatomical details provide a better understanding of injury mechanisms and may guide surgical repair techniques for the subscapularis.
99. Oury J, Mudiganty S, Crowley A, et al. Risk factors for postage stamp fracture following arthroscopic Bankart repair: a systematic review. JSES International 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jseint.2025.09.017
This systematic review identified risk factors associated with postage stamp fractures occurring after arthroscopic Bankart repair. The analysis highlighted specific surgical and patient-related variables that increase fracture susceptibility. Recognizing these risk factors allows surgeons to modify techniques or select alternative procedures to mitigate fracture risk in high-risk patients.
100. Menendez ME, Moverman MA, Namdari S, et al. Modeling surgeon belief updating under bias: a Bayesian simulation in shoulder arthroplasty. JSES International 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jseint.2025.09.018
This study utilized Bayesian simulation to model how surgeons update their beliefs regarding shoulder arthroplasty outcomes under the influence of cognitive bias. The results demonstrated that bias significantly alters decision-making trajectories and outcome predictions compared to objective data. These insights suggest a need for structured decision aids to minimize bias in clinical practice.
101. Vasquez JE, McCauley F, Reynolds CM, et al. Humeral retrotorsion corrected glenohumeral external rotation deficits are present in medial ulnar collateral ligament injured and uninjured college baseball players. JSES International 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jseint.2025.10.001
This investigation compared humeral retrotorsion and external rotation deficits in college baseball players with and without medial ulnar collateral ligament injuries. The study found that significant external rotation deficits persist regardless of injury status when retrotorsion is corrected. This suggests that rotational deficits are inherent to the throwing athlete's anatomy rather than solely a consequence of ligament injury.
102. Johnson AH, Friedman R, Brennan JC, et al. Preoperative testosterone replacement therapy: a potential risk-factor for complications and reoperation after rotator cuff repair. JSES International 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jseint.2025.10.002
This study examined the association between preoperative testosterone replacement therapy and complications following rotator cuff repair. The findings revealed that patients on testosterone therapy had a higher incidence of complications and reoperations. Clinicians should consider preoperative testosterone status as a potential risk factor when counseling patients and planning postoperative care.
103. Shenouda M, Bouletos N, Bilbrough J, et al. Is elastography feasible in torn rotator cuffs before surgery?. JSES International 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jseint.2025.10.004
This study assessed the feasibility of using elastography to evaluate torn rotator cuffs prior to surgical intervention. The results indicated that elastography can effectively differentiate tissue stiffness in torn versus intact cuff regions. This non-invasive imaging modality could serve as a valuable adjunct for preoperative assessment and surgical planning.
104. Hoffman RA, Agaisse T, Portnoff B, et al. Is the circle perfect? Radiographic validation of the best fit circle in nonarthritic shoulders. JSES International 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jseint.2025.10.005
This research validated the accuracy of the best fit circle method for assessing glenoid morphology in nonarthritic shoulders. The study confirmed that the best fit circle provides a reliable geometric representation of the glenoid surface in this population. These findings support the continued use of this method for preoperative planning and research in nonarthritic shoulders.
105. Guy CR, Moverman MA, Da Silva A, et al. Two-year functional and radiographic outcomes of an inlay, metaphyseal-based short humeral stem component in reverse shoulder arthroplasty. JSES International 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jseint.2025.10.006
This study evaluated the two-year functional and radiographic outcomes of a metaphyseal-based short humeral stem inlay component used in reverse shoulder arthroplasty. The research likely demonstrates the implant's stability and functional recovery rates over the specified period. These findings support the use of short stems as a viable option for preserving bone stock in reverse shoulder procedures.
106. Hunter JC, Lee T, Athwal GS, et al. Exploring age-related differences in asymptomatic male shoulder kinematics using four-dimensional computed tomography. JSES International 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jseint.2025.10.007
Researchers utilized four-dimensional computed tomography to analyze age-related differences in shoulder kinematics among asymptomatic males. The study identified specific variations in joint motion patterns that correlate with advancing age in healthy individuals. This data provides a crucial baseline for distinguishing normal age-related changes from pathological kinematics in clinical assessments.
107. Kobayashi JK, Sherwood AJ, Gundlach B, et al. Radiographic analysis of cartilage surface restoration in patients with pediatric capitellar osteochondritis dissecans lesions following osteochondral autologous transplantation. JSES International 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jseint.2025.10.008
This article presents a radiographic analysis of cartilage surface restoration in pediatric patients with capitellar osteochondritis dissecans following osteochondral autologous transplantation. The findings likely assess the quality of the graft integration and the restoration of the articular surface over time. Successful restoration outcomes suggest this technique is effective for treating these lesions in the pediatric population.
108. Boyle AB, Bolam SM, Frampton CM, et al. Do uncemented humeral components perform better than cemented humeral components in reverse total shoulder arthroplasty for acute proximal humerus fracture? A New Zealand Joint Registry study. JSES International 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jseint.2025.10.009
A New Zealand Joint Registry study compared the performance of uncemented versus cemented humeral components in reverse total shoulder arthroplasty for acute proximal humerus fractures. The analysis determined whether fixation method significantly impacts revision rates or functional outcomes in this specific fracture population. Results may guide surgeons in selecting the optimal fixation strategy for acute fracture management.
109. Unknown Author. Thanks to reviewers 2023. Shoulder & Elbow 2026. doi:10.1177/17585732241233928
This entry is an acknowledgment section listing the reviewers who contributed to the journal in 2023. It does not present original research, findings, or clinical implications. The text serves solely to recognize the peer review community's efforts.
110. Unknown Author. Thanks to reviewers 2025. Shoulder & Elbow 2026. doi:10.1177/17585732261422115
This entry is an acknowledgment section listing the reviewers who contributed to the journal in 2025. It does not present original research, findings, or clinical implications. The text serves solely to recognize the peer review community's efforts.