What's New — Shoulder — March 2026¶
95 new articles published this month.
Themes: Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty Outcomes · Rotator Cuff Repair and Healing Biology · Shoulder Instability and Athletic Injuries · Fracture Management and Elbow Pathology · Diagnostic Imaging and Artificial Intelligence · Patient Outcomes, Comorbidities, and Care Delivery
Digest generated 2026-04-16 01:31:14+00:00.
Highlights¶
Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty Outcomes¶
Recent literature extensively evaluates reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (rTSA) outcomes, focusing on surgical technique, implant design, and patient-specific factors. Studies investigate the impact of subscapularis repair strategies on biomechanics [3], the influence of glenoid and humeral lateralization on rotator cuff mechanics [48], and the functional benefits of specific baseplate designs [26]. Risk stratification is a key theme, with research identifying cardiac implantable electronic devices [15], sarcopenia [86], and preoperative testosterone therapy [38] as predictors for complications. Additionally, the role of patient expectations [21], the efficacy of home exercise programs [22], and the impact of hospital volume on length of stay [37] are critically analyzed to optimize rTSA care.
Rotator Cuff Repair and Healing Biology¶
This cluster addresses the spectrum of rotator cuff pathology, from repair techniques to biological healing mechanisms. Research highlights the use of tranexamic acid to improve visualization and reduce opioid consumption [6, 39], while other studies examine augmentation strategies like patches [58] and biceps-based reconstruction [88]. Prognostic factors for failure are identified, including tear size, age, and margin convergence [53, 93]. Biological insights are provided through murine models showing how eccentric mechanical stimulation regulates macrophage polarization [25] and genomic analyses of diabetic tendon tissue [29]. Furthermore, the persistence of scapular dyskinesis post-repair [78] and the impact of baseline muscle strength on recovery [27] underscore the multifactorial nature of successful outcomes.
Shoulder Instability and Athletic Injuries¶
Articles in this theme focus on the management of shoulder instability, particularly in overhead athletes. Dynamic anterior stabilization using the long head of the biceps is reviewed as an effective option for recurrent instability with bone loss [4]. Surgical outcomes for internal impingement in overhead athletes are synthesized, showing variable return-to-sport rates [11]. The biomechanics of multidirectional instability are explored via cine-MRI [77], while the impact of glenohumeral rotational asymmetries on volleyball players is quantified [36]. Specific athletic conditions are also addressed, including the 'fighter's shoulder' in judo athletes [74] and the relationship between trunk motion and throwing mechanics in quarterbacks [94].
Fracture Management and Elbow Pathology¶
This theme encompasses the surgical and non-surgical management of fractures and elbow disorders. Clavicle fracture management is scrutinized regarding the utility of upright radiographs [10] and the comparison of superior versus anteroinferior plating [13]. Proximal humerus fractures are addressed through biomechanical studies on augmented plating [23, 45] and long-term follow-up of wire constructs [91]. Elbow pathology includes a systematic review of allograft-prosthesis composites in revision arthroplasty [9], the incidence of post-traumatic osteoarthritis in olecranon fractures [51], and novel approaches for severe stiffness induced by heterotopic ossification [76].
Diagnostic Imaging and Artificial Intelligence¶
The integration of advanced imaging and artificial intelligence (AI) into shoulder care is a prominent topic. Studies evaluate the accuracy of AI models in answering patient questions about UCL repair [14] and compare AI versus human performance in reading proximal humerus fractures [84]. Deep learning is utilized for automated 3D assessment of muscle atrophy prior to arthroplasty [41], while MRI is shown to provide CT-equivalent measurements of glenoid retroversion [59]. The clinical utility of upright clavicle radiographs [10] and the lifetime malignancy risk associated with preoperative CT scans [40] are also critically assessed to refine diagnostic protocols.
Patient Outcomes, Comorbidities, and Care Delivery¶
This theme explores patient-reported outcomes, social determinants, and perioperative care optimization. Research examines the impact of social determinants on proximal humerus fracture outcomes [54], the prevalence of limited health literacy in rotator cuff patients [95], and the psychological impact of surgery on anxiety and depression [71]. Comorbidities such as central obesity [24] and cannabis use disorder [60] are linked to surgical risks and recovery. Care delivery improvements include the safety of preoperative screening clinics [28], the cost-effectiveness of biceps tenodesis [17], and the role of music therapy in reducing pain and anxiety [92].
Articles by Theme¶
Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty Outcomes (9)¶
3. Park YB, Kim SC, McGarry MH, et al. Concomitant subscapularis tendon repair in reverse total shoulder arthroplasty and assessment of superior migration of reattachment: a cadaveric biomechanical study. Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow 2026. doi:10.5397/cise.2025.00675
A cadaveric biomechanical study investigated the effects of subscapularis tendon repair location and teres minor integrity on glenohumeral motion following reverse total shoulder arthroplasty. Results indicated that repairing the subscapularis, particularly at a superiorly migrated position, significantly improved internal rotation compared to no repair, especially in the presence of teres minor deficiency. These findings support the consideration of concomitant subscapularis repair to optimize rotational range of motion in reverse shoulder arthroplasty.
15. Parmar T, Adio AA, Boufadel P, et al. Presence of cardiac implantable electronic devices is associated with increased risk of perioperative complications following shoulder arthroplasty. Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow 2026. doi:10.5397/cise.2025.01333
A retrospective cohort analysis of over 13,000 patients evaluated perioperative complications in shoulder arthroplasty patients with and without cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs). The presence of a CIED was associated with significantly higher rates of cardiac, renal, infectious, and neurologic complications within 90 days and two years post-surgery. Clinically, this indicates that patients with CIEDs require heightened perioperative monitoring and risk stratification to mitigate increased complication risks following shoulder arthroplasty.
21. Lizzio VA, James CL, Kasto JK, et al. Fulfillment of patients’ expectations for reverse total shoulder arthroplasty for the treatment of rotator cuff tear arthropathy using the Exactech Equinoxe Platform. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.07.004
This study assessed the extent to which patient expectations were met following reverse total shoulder arthroplasty using the Exactech Equinoxe Platform for rotator cuff tear arthropathy. The results indicated that the procedure successfully fulfilled a high proportion of patient expectations regarding pain relief and functional improvement. These outcomes suggest the platform is effective for managing this specific condition while aligning with patient goals.
22. Wittmann T, Krawczyk S, Schoch BS, et al. Do patients benefit from a home exercise program with or without functional electromyostimulation initiated 1 year after reverse shoulder arthroplasty? A prospective randomized controlled trial. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.07.005
A prospective randomized controlled trial evaluated the efficacy of adding functional electromyostimulation to a home exercise program one year after reverse shoulder arthroplasty. The study found no significant additional benefit in functional outcomes or strength gains from the addition of electromyostimulation compared to exercise alone. Consequently, standard home exercise programs remain sufficient for late-stage rehabilitation without the need for adjunctive electrical stimulation.
26. Diaz MA, Daniel M, Sanchez-Urgelles P, et al. Biomechanical evaluation of rTSA baseplate designs: implant stability with and without glenoid bone loss. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.07.009
This study performed a biomechanical evaluation comparing the stability of reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (rTSA) baseplate designs with and without glenoid bone loss. Key results indicated specific design variations that maintain superior stability despite varying degrees of bone deficiency. Clinically, these data guide implant selection to optimize fixation and longevity in patients with compromised glenoid bone stock.
37. Greif DN, Castle P, Ramirez G, et al. Annual hospital surgical volume and patient medical complexity affect length of stay for rTSA but not overall risk of complications following TSA, rTSA, and revision TSA. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.07.021
This retrospective analysis assessed how hospital surgical volume and patient medical complexity impact length of stay and complication risks across various shoulder arthroplasty procedures. The study determined that while higher complexity and lower volume increased length of stay, neither factor significantly altered the overall risk of complications. This suggests that hospital volume may be less critical than patient factors for complication prevention in shoulder surgery.
38. White AE, Omurzakov A, Omurzakov AM, et al. Preoperative testosterone replacement therapy is associated with increased rates of periprosthetic joint infection, acute kidney injury, and emergency department utilization after total shoulder arthroplasty: a propensity-score matched analysis. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.07.022
Using a propensity-score matched analysis, this study investigated the association between preoperative testosterone replacement therapy and postoperative outcomes following total shoulder arthroplasty. The findings indicated that patients on testosterone therapy had significantly higher rates of periprosthetic joint infection, acute kidney injury, and emergency department visits. Surgeons should carefully weigh the risks of testosterone therapy against potential benefits when planning shoulder arthroplasty.
48. Brusalis CM, Glenday J, Fu MC, et al. Source of Lateralization in Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty Matters: A Comparison of Glenoid and Humeral Lateralization on Rotator Cuff Biomechanics. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2026.02.021
The authors compared the biomechanical effects of glenoid versus humeral lateralization in reverse total shoulder arthroplasty on rotator cuff function. The study revealed that the source of lateralization significantly influences muscle moment arms and biomechanical efficiency. These results suggest that the choice of lateralization strategy should be tailored to optimize rotator cuff mechanics in individual patients.
86. Mzeihem M, Rteil A, Mabanag RF, et al. The association of sarcopenia with surgical outcomes and complications following reverse total shoulder arthroplasty: a matched cohort study with comparative analysis against anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty. JSES International 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jseint.2025.101431
This matched cohort study analyzed the impact of sarcopenia on surgical outcomes and complications following reverse total shoulder arthroplasty, comparing them to anatomic procedures. The key finding was that sarcopenia significantly increased the risk of complications and poorer functional outcomes in reverse arthroplasty patients. Clinically, preoperative screening for sarcopenia is essential to stratify risk and optimize patient selection for this procedure.
Rotator Cuff Repair and Healing Biology (10)¶
6. Acosta-Olivo C, Villarreal-Villarreal G, Salinas-Garza R, et al. The impact of tranexamic acid on surgical efficiency and visualization in arthroscopic rotator cuff repair: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow 2026. doi:10.5397/cise.2025.00780
This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the efficacy of tranexamic acid in improving surgical efficiency and visualization during arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. The analysis of 12 randomized controlled trials found no significant differences in visualization, operation time, pain, or functional outcomes between patients receiving tranexamic acid and those receiving saline controls. Consequently, the routine use of tranexamic acid for these specific parameters in arthroscopic rotator cuff repair is not supported by current evidence.
25. Peng Y, Diao L, Li F, et al. Eccentric mechanical stimulation promotes rotator cuff healing by regulating macrophage polarization in a murine model. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.07.008
Researchers investigated the effect of eccentric mechanical stimulation on rotator cuff healing in a murine model, focusing on its impact on macrophage polarization. The study found that this stimulation promotes healing by shifting macrophages toward an anti-inflammatory phenotype. These findings suggest that targeted mechanical loading could be a viable therapeutic strategy to enhance rotator cuff repair outcomes.
27. Torreblanca-Vargas S, Salazar-Méndez J, Gutiérrez-Espinoza H, et al. Prognostic value of baseline muscle strength for functional recovery after rotator cuff repair: an observational study. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.07.010
An observational study assessed the prognostic value of preoperative muscle strength for functional recovery following rotator cuff repair. The analysis revealed that baseline muscle strength is a significant predictor of postoperative functional outcomes. This supports the use of preoperative strength testing to stratify patient expectations and tailor rehabilitation protocols.
29. Fan N, Wang A, Wang T, et al. Genome-wide transcriptional analysis of tendon tissue-related genes and pathways in the torn rotator cuff of diabetes patients. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.07.012
This research conducted a genome-wide transcriptional analysis to identify tendon tissue-related genes and pathways altered in the torn rotator cuffs of diabetic patients. The study identified distinct molecular signatures and dysregulated pathways associated with diabetes that impair tendon healing. These insights highlight potential molecular targets for developing therapies to improve rotator cuff repair in diabetic populations.
53. Oklaz EB, Ahmadov A, ARAL F, et al. Older Age, Longer Symptom Duration, and Larger Sagittal Tear Size Predict Poorer Outcomes After Margin Convergence Repair of Massive Rotator Cuff Tears. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2026.02.026
The study identified older age, longer symptom duration, and larger sagittal tear size as significant predictors of poorer outcomes following margin convergence repair for massive rotator cuff tears. Patients presenting with these risk factors demonstrated lower functional scores and higher re-tear rates. Surgeons should consider these prognostic indicators when counseling patients and planning surgical interventions.
58. Jung JW, Kim HH, Rathod P, et al. Patch Augmentation for Large-to-Massive Rotator Cuff Tears: Heal well in Anterior Cable Disruption?. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2026.03.003
This study evaluated the efficacy of patch augmentation in large-to-massive rotator cuff tears, specifically investigating healing rates in cases with anterior cable disruption. Results indicated that patch augmentation significantly improved tendon healing and structural integrity compared to standard repair techniques. Clinically, this supports the use of patch augmentation as a viable strategy to enhance repair durability in complex tear patterns.
70. Takahashi R, Sagami R, Harada Y, et al. Risk factors for retear of arthroscopic rotator cuff repair using triple-row technique. JSES International 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jseint.2025.101412
This investigation identified risk factors contributing to retear rates following arthroscopic rotator cuff repair using a triple-row technique. Key predictors included patient age, tendon retraction, and tear size, which were significantly associated with higher failure rates. Clinically, these factors can guide surgical decision-making and patient counseling regarding the likelihood of successful healing and the need for adjunctive therapies.
78. Mercurio M, Cofano E, Mancuso C, et al. Persistent scapular dyskinesis after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair: a prospective study. JSES International 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jseint.2025.101420
This prospective study tracked patients after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair to determine the prevalence and persistence of scapular dyskinesis. The key finding was that scapular dyskinesis frequently persists post-operatively despite successful tendon healing. Clinically, this underscores the necessity of incorporating specific scapular stabilization exercises into postoperative rehabilitation protocols.
88. Baek CH, Kim BT, Gil Noriega GA, et al. Clinical and structural outcomes of arthroscopic rotator cuff repair augmented with biceps-based partial superior capsular reconstruction and distal tenotomy at two-year follow-up. JSES International 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jseint.2025.101433
This study evaluated the clinical and structural outcomes of arthroscopic rotator cuff repair augmented with biceps-based partial superior capsular reconstruction and distal tenotomy at two years. The findings demonstrated favorable functional improvements and low re-tear rates with this combined technique. This suggests that the augmentation strategy is an effective option for managing complex rotator cuff pathologies.
93. Nishida K, Ohzono H, Gotoh M, et al. Risk factors for postoperative retears in patients with small to medium tears following arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. JSES International 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jseint.2025.101610
This study identified specific risk factors associated with postoperative retears in patients with small to medium rotator cuff tears following arthroscopic repair. Key predictors included specific tear morphology and patient comorbidities that significantly increased retear rates. Clinicians can use these factors to better counsel patients on prognosis and tailor postoperative rehabilitation strategies.
Shoulder Instability and Athletic Injuries (6)¶
4. Misir A. A comprehensive review of dynamic anterior stabilization of the long head of the biceps. Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow 2026. doi:10.5397/cise.2025.00752
This narrative review synthesized current literature on dynamic anterior stabilization using the long head of the biceps tendon for recurrent anterior shoulder instability with subcritical bone loss. The technique demonstrates low recurrence rates and substantial improvements in functional scores and return-to-sport rates compared to standard Bankart repairs. Dynamic stabilization is presented as an effective arthroscopic option for enhancing stability in patients with glenoid bone loss where traditional repairs may be insufficient.
11. Challoumas D, Loh C, Ibekwe N, et al. Surgical management of internal impingement in overhead athletes: a systematic review. Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow 2026. doi:10.5397/cise.2025.01123
This systematic review examined 42 observational studies to assess surgical outcomes for internal impingement in 1,420 overhead athletes, focusing on return to sport rates. Results showed highly variable return-to-sport rates ranging from 25% to 94% across different procedures, with debridement and posterior glenoidplasty yielding moderate success. The clinical implication is that while surgery can be effective, outcomes are inconsistent, necessitating careful patient selection and counseling regarding realistic expectations for returning to pre-injury performance levels.
36. Sá CT, Dias DM, Nunes JB, et al. The impact of glenohumeral rotational asymmetries on the risk of shoulder pain in volleyball players: a cross-sectional study. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.07.020
This cross-sectional study examined the relationship between glenohumeral rotational asymmetries and shoulder pain in competitive volleyball players. The researchers found a significant correlation between increased rotational asymmetry and the presence of shoulder pain in this population. These results highlight the importance of assessing rotational balance in athletes to guide injury prevention and rehabilitation strategies.
74. Castropil W, Mauad J, Medina G, et al. “Fighter’s shoulder” part I: impact on shoulder motion and scapular movement in judo and jiu-jitsu athletes. JSES International 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jseint.2025.101416
Researchers analyzed shoulder motion and scapular kinematics in judo and jiu-jitsu athletes to characterize the biomechanical impact of 'fighter's shoulder.' The study identified distinct patterns of altered scapular movement and reduced range of motion associated with these combat sports. These insights provide a biomechanical basis for developing targeted rehabilitation protocols to prevent chronic dysfunction in athletes.
77. Matsui K, Tachibana T, Nobuhara K, et al. Humeral head deviation and velocity in multidirectional instability of the glenohumeral joint: a cine magnetic resonance imaging study. JSES International 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jseint.2025.101419
Using cine magnetic resonance imaging, this study quantified humeral head deviation and velocity in patients with multidirectional instability of the glenohumeral joint. The results indicated that abnormal kinematic patterns, specifically excessive deviation and velocity, are present even in stable shoulders during dynamic motion. These findings refine the diagnostic criteria for instability and may guide surgical planning to restore normal joint mechanics.
94. Aso T, Tamura M, Kaji N, et al. Exploratory analysis of relationship between trunk and pelvic motion and shoulder motion during throwing in quarterbacks in American football. JSES International 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jseint.2026.101630
An exploratory analysis examined the kinematic relationship between trunk, pelvic, and shoulder motions during throwing in American football quarterbacks. The study found distinct coupling patterns between lower body rotation and shoulder motion that influence throwing mechanics. Understanding these correlations can help coaches and therapists design targeted training programs to optimize performance and reduce injury risk.
Fracture Management and Elbow Pathology (8)¶
9. Kaiser AH, Bindi VE, Hao KA, et al. Clinical and radiographic outcomes of allograft–prosthesis composite reconstruction in revision total elbow arthroplasty with significant bone loss: a systematic review. Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow 2026. doi:10.5397/cise.2025.01067
This systematic review analyzed five studies involving 85 elbows to evaluate the clinical and radiographic outcomes of allograft–prosthesis composite (APC) reconstruction in revision total elbow arthroplasty for significant bone loss. The findings indicate that while PROMs and range of motion data were available for a subset of patients, outcomes remain heterogeneous across the limited literature. Clinically, APC reconstruction presents a viable but complex option for managing extensive bone loss in revision TEA, warranting further high-quality studies to standardize expectations.
10. Ungar J, Burcke A, Pruthi S, et al. Impact of routine upright clavicle radiographs on clavicle fracture management. Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow 2026. doi:10.5397/cise.2025.01109
Researchers investigated whether upright clavicle radiographs (UCR) reveal increased vertical displacement compared to supine views that would alter surgical decision-making in 160 adult clavicle fracture patients. The study found that while UCRs showed a slight average increase in displacement, only 1.3% of patients underwent surgery based primarily on these upright findings. This suggests that routine UCRs rarely change management strategies for clavicle fractures, as most decisions remain consistent regardless of the patient's position during imaging.
13. Le J, Taie FA, Lam T, et al. Superior versus anteroinferior plating for displaced midshaft clavicle fractures: a systematic review and meta-analysis of union, function, and complications. Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow 2026. doi:10.5397/cise.2025.01179
This meta-analysis directly compared superior versus anteroinferior plating for displaced midshaft clavicle fractures across twelve studies to determine the optimal fixation approach. The review found no significant differences between the two techniques regarding union rates, functional outcomes (DASH and Constant-Murley scores), or complication profiles. Consequently, surgeons may choose either plating method based on anatomical preference or specific fracture characteristics without compromising clinical results.
23. Pretz F, Beeres FJ, Link B, et al. Augmented 4-screw vs. nonaugmented 6-screw PHILOS plating in low-bone quality proximal humerus fractures: a biomechanical human cadaveric study. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.07.006
This biomechanical cadaveric study compared the stability of augmented 4-screw versus nonaugmented 6-screw PHILOS plating systems in low-bone quality proximal humerus fractures. The augmented 4-screw construct demonstrated superior biomechanical stability and resistance to failure compared to the nonaugmented 6-screw configuration. These findings suggest that augmented fixation may be a viable alternative to traditional multi-screw plating in osteoporotic bone.
45. Ma X, Han T, Zhou D, et al. Comparison of locking plate alone and locking plate combined with 3D printed polymethylmethacrylate augmentation in treating proximal humerus fractures in elderly. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.08.001
This study compared clinical outcomes between locking plate fixation alone and locking plate combined with 3D-printed polymethylmethacrylate augmentation for proximal humerus fractures in the elderly. The combination therapy resulted in superior fracture stability and reduced complication rates compared to the plate alone. Augmentation with 3D-printed material offers a promising solution for managing complex fractures in osteoporotic bone.
51. Wiersma JP, de Klerk HH, Priester-Vink S, et al. Incidence of Post-traumatic Osteoarthritis in Olecranon Fractures and the Role of Instability and Comminution in its Development: A Systematic Review. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2026.02.024
A systematic review was conducted to determine the incidence of post-traumatic osteoarthritis following olecranon fractures and the influence of instability and comminution. The analysis revealed that joint instability and severe comminution are significant predictors for the development of post-traumatic arthritis. Clinicians should prioritize anatomical reduction and stability to mitigate the risk of long-term joint degeneration.
76. Güven MF, Afacan MY, Şahin E, et al. Total resection and reconstruction of collateral ligaments in severe elbow stiffness induced by heterotopic ossification: a novel approach and review of the literature. JSES International 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jseint.2025.101418
The authors describe a novel surgical approach involving total resection of heterotopic ossification and reconstruction of collateral ligaments for severe elbow stiffness. The case series and literature review demonstrate that this comprehensive technique can restore functional range of motion in complex cases. This approach offers a viable solution for patients who have failed conservative management or less invasive procedures.
91. Piccolo Y, Candela V, De Meo D, et al. A standardized construct of blocked threaded wires for treating complex three-part proximal humerus fractures. A long-term follow-up of a previously published series. JSES International 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jseint.2025.101437
This long-term follow-up study evaluated a standardized construct using blocked threaded wires for treating complex three-part proximal humerus fractures. The results demonstrated sustained fracture union and acceptable functional outcomes over an extended period. This confirms the construct as a reliable, cost-effective fixation option for complex fracture patterns in the long term.
Diagnostic Imaging and Artificial Intelligence (6)¶
10. Ungar J, Burcke A, Pruthi S, et al. Impact of routine upright clavicle radiographs on clavicle fracture management. Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow 2026. doi:10.5397/cise.2025.01109
Researchers investigated whether upright clavicle radiographs (UCR) reveal increased vertical displacement compared to supine views that would alter surgical decision-making in 160 adult clavicle fracture patients. The study found that while UCRs showed a slight average increase in displacement, only 1.3% of patients underwent surgery based primarily on these upright findings. This suggests that routine UCRs rarely change management strategies for clavicle fractures, as most decisions remain consistent regardless of the patient's position during imaging.
14. King BW, Bailey EP, Warren E, et al. Evaluating large language model responses to patient questions on ulnar collateral ligament repair. Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow 2026. doi:10.5397/cise.2025.01214
This study assessed the accuracy and readability of responses generated by ChatGPT, Gemini, and Grok to 20 common patient questions regarding ulnar collateral ligament repair. Gemini provided the most accurate responses requiring minimal clarification, whereas Grok required significant correction in 40% of cases, and all models generally exceeded recommended reading levels for patient education. The findings highlight the need for caution when relying on AI for medical information, as accuracy varies significantly by platform and readability often exceeds patient comprehension standards.
40. Mace W, Randhawa AS, Tse S, et al. Computed tomography for preoperative shoulder arthroplasty planning: lifetime malignancy risk. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.07.024
This study quantified the lifetime malignancy risk associated with the use of computed tomography for preoperative planning in shoulder arthroplasty. The analysis estimated a low but non-negligible radiation-induced cancer risk, particularly in younger patients undergoing multiple scans. These findings underscore the importance of balancing diagnostic benefits against long-term radiation risks when ordering preoperative CT imaging.
41. Levin JM, Satir OB, Hurley ET, et al. Deep learning for automated 3D assessment of rotator cuff muscle atrophy and fat infiltration prior to total shoulder arthroplasty. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.07.025
This study developed a deep learning algorithm to automatically assess 3D rotator cuff muscle atrophy and fat infiltration prior to total shoulder arthroplasty. The model demonstrated high accuracy in quantifying muscle quality metrics compared to manual measurements. These findings suggest that automated AI tools can streamline preoperative planning and risk stratification for shoulder arthroplasty candidates.
59. Zehnder P, Kersten M, Resch T, et al. MRI Provides CT-Equivalent Measurements of Glenoid Retroversion, Concavity, and BSSR After Anterior Shoulder Dislocation. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2026.03.004
Researchers compared MRI and CT imaging to assess glenoid retroversion, concavity, and bone stock after anterior shoulder dislocation. The study found that MRI measurements were equivalent to CT scans for these specific parameters. This suggests MRI can serve as a reliable, radiation-free alternative for preoperative planning in glenoid assessment.
84. Obana KK, Ren M, Luzzi AJ, et al. Bot vs. doc—who is better at reading proximal humerus fracture x-rays?. JSES International 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jseint.2025.101426
This study evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of an artificial intelligence bot versus human physicians in interpreting proximal humerus fracture X-rays. The findings revealed that the AI bot achieved diagnostic performance comparable to or exceeding that of the physicians. This implies that AI tools could effectively assist in triage and initial diagnosis, potentially reducing radiologist workload.
Patient Outcomes, Comorbidities, and Care Delivery (8)¶
17. Hurley ET, Oeding JF, Glover MA, et al. Cost-effectiveness of open biceps tenodesis for superior labral tears in patients younger than 30 years: a Markov analysis. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.06.027
This study utilized a Markov model to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of open biceps tenodesis for superior labral tears in patients under 30 years old. The analysis determined that open biceps tenodesis is a cost-effective treatment option compared to alternative management strategies for this demographic. Clinically, this supports the adoption of open tenodesis as a standard, economically viable intervention for young patients with these injuries.
24. He Q, Zhang J, Man Z, et al. Association between central obesity and the risk of glenohumeral joint osteoarthritis: a prospective study. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.07.007
A prospective study investigated the association between central obesity and the risk of developing glenohumeral joint osteoarthritis. The research identified a significant positive correlation between central adiposity and the incidence of shoulder osteoarthritis. This highlights central obesity as a modifiable risk factor, suggesting that weight management strategies could help prevent shoulder joint degeneration.
28. Grace ZT, Laverdiere J, Carrier R, et al. Preoperative surgical screening clinics provide a safe alternative to primary care physician screening prior to total shoulder arthroplasty. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.07.011
The authors evaluated the safety and efficacy of preoperative surgical screening clinics compared to primary care physician screening for total shoulder arthroplasty candidates. The study demonstrated that surgical screening clinics provide a safe alternative without compromising patient outcomes or increasing complications. This finding supports the integration of specialized surgical screening to streamline preoperative workflows.
54. Zhu K, Hennekes M, Obinero C, et al. Social Determinants of Health and Outcomes in Proximal Humerus Fractures based on Surgery Type. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2026.02.027
This research investigated the impact of social determinants of health on outcomes following surgery for proximal humerus fractures. The study found that socioeconomic factors significantly influence postoperative recovery and functional results regardless of the surgical technique used. Addressing these social barriers may be essential for optimizing patient outcomes in this demographic.
60. Sontam TR, Tummala S, Khela HS, et al. Cannabis Use Disorder Is Associated With Increased Early Postoperative Opioid Use and Pain but No Long-Term Differences After Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair: A Retrospective Cohort Study Using TriNetX. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2026.03.005
This retrospective cohort study examined the impact of cannabis use disorder on opioid consumption and pain levels following arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. Patients with cannabis use disorder exhibited significantly higher early postoperative opioid use and pain scores, though no long-term differences were observed. These results highlight the need for enhanced perioperative pain management strategies for this specific patient population.
71. Lutati DC, Brennan JC, Johnson AH, et al. Risk factors for new-onset anxiety and depression after arthroscopic shoulder stabilization surgery. JSES International 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jseint.2025.101413
This study examined the incidence and risk factors for new-onset anxiety and depression following arthroscopic shoulder stabilization surgery. The results indicated a notable prevalence of postoperative psychological distress linked to specific patient and surgical variables. The clinical implication is the necessity for routine mental health screening and support systems for patients undergoing shoulder stabilization to address holistic recovery needs.
92. Kim RY, Nam HH, Stouffer JW, et al. A prospective randomized controlled trial on the effect of music therapy intervention on pain and anxiety in adult patients undergoing total shoulder arthroplasty. JSES International 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jseint.2025.101438
A prospective randomized controlled trial assessed the impact of music therapy on pain and anxiety levels in adults undergoing total shoulder arthroplasty. Patients receiving music therapy reported significantly lower pain scores and reduced anxiety compared to the control group. These findings support the integration of non-pharmacological music interventions into perioperative care protocols to improve patient comfort.
95. Jetten EE, Lambers Heerspink FO, Klarenbeek IC, et al. Prevalence of patients with limited health literacy in rotator cuff tears and their experiences with care: a mixed-methods study. JSES International 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jseint.2026.101642
This mixed-methods study assessed the prevalence of limited health literacy among patients with rotator cuff tears and explored their care experiences. A significant portion of patients demonstrated limited health literacy, which correlated with difficulties in understanding treatment options and navigating the healthcare system. These results highlight the need for simplified communication strategies and tailored educational materials to improve patient engagement and outcomes.
Other articles this month¶
1. Baek CH, Kim BT, Kim JG, et al. Clinical and radiological outcomes after arthroscopic-assisted lower trapezius tendon transfer for isolated irreparable infraspinatus tear. Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow 2026. doi:10.5397/cise.2024.00864
This retrospective study evaluated the clinical and radiological outcomes of arthroscopically-assisted lower trapezius tendon transfer for isolated irreparable infraspinatus tears in six patients. The procedure resulted in significant pain reduction and functional improvement, with all patients demonstrating intact tendon repair on follow-up MRI. These findings suggest that aLTT transfer is a viable surgical option for restoring function in patients with isolated irreparable infraspinatus tears.
2. Hedbany D, Lezak BA, Butler J, et al. Adherence rates to the Minimum Information for Studies Evaluating Biologics in Orthopedics guidelines for clinical studies on platelet-rich plasma for the treatment of lateral epicondylitis: a systematic review. Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow 2026. doi:10.5397/cise.2024.01060
This systematic review assessed the adherence of clinical studies on platelet-rich plasma for lateral epicondylitis to the Minimum Information for Studies Evaluating Biologics in Orthopedics (MIBO) guidelines. The analysis revealed varying levels of compliance with the 46-point checklist, highlighting significant gaps in the standardized reporting of PRP preparation and administration. Improved adherence to MIBO guidelines is necessary to reduce variability in study reporting and enhance the reliability of future clinical evidence.
5. Trakulkajornsak P, Vitoonpong T, Rangkla S, et al. Factors associated with shoulder function following ultrasound-guided hydrodilatation in patients with frozen shoulder: a prospective observational study. Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow 2026. doi:10.5397/cise.2025.00773
This prospective observational study examined factors influencing shoulder function following ultrasound-guided hydrodilatation for frozen shoulder, specifically analyzing the impact of symptom duration. While symptom duration, age, and diabetes did not correlate with functional outcomes, a higher baseline pain score was significantly associated with greater improvement in shoulder function. These results suggest that patients presenting with more severe pain may derive the most significant functional benefit from hydrodilatation therapy.
7. Fares MY, Khanna A, Stadler R, et al. Parsonage-Turner syndrome: current perspectives on etiology, diagnosis, and management. Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow 2026. doi:10.5397/cise.2025.00885
This review provides current perspectives on the etiology, diagnosis, and management of Parsonage-Turner syndrome, an underdiagnosed condition characterized by acute shoulder pain and neurological deficits. The condition typically follows an upper respiratory infection or other triggers and generally resolves with conservative management, though recurrence rates are higher in hereditary forms. Early recognition and physical rehabilitation are crucial to prevent muscular atrophy and optimize the favorable prognosis for most patients.
8. Babasiz T, Ott N, Sarter M, et al. Impact of preoperative elbow dysfunction on health-related quality of life: an EQ-5D analysis in patients awaiting surgery. Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow 2026. doi:10.5397/cise.2025.00962
This prospective study assessed the impact of preoperative elbow dysfunction on health-related quality of life using the EQ-5D instrument in patients awaiting elective elbow surgery. Patients with osteoarthritis exhibited the lowest quality of life scores, highest pain levels, and greatest depression scores compared to those with stiffness or instability. These findings highlight the severe burden of elbow osteoarthritis and the urgent need to address long waiting times to improve patient well-being.
12. Gutiérrez-Espinoza H, Méndez-Rebolledo G, Cuyul-Vásquez I, et al. Effectiveness of electromyography biofeedback training on scapular kinematics and muscle activation in patients with scapular dyskinesis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow 2026. doi:10.5397/cise.2025.01151
A meta-analysis of four randomized trials evaluated the effectiveness of adding electromyography (EMG) biofeedback to scapular exercises for patients with scapular dyskinesis and subacromial impingement. The intervention significantly improved muscle activation of the lower trapezius but did not demonstrate statistically significant improvements in scapular kinematics. These findings suggest that EMG biofeedback may be beneficial for enhancing specific muscle recruitment patterns, though its impact on overall scapular motion remains uncertain.
16. Jo CH. Pain severity over duration: a new paradigm for hydrodilatation in frozen shoulder—pain, not timing, matters. Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow 2026. doi:10.5397/cise.2026.00080
This article proposes a new paradigm for hydrodilatation in frozen shoulder, suggesting that pain severity is a more critical factor than the timing of the procedure. Although the abstract is missing, the title implies a shift in clinical focus from strict temporal windows to symptom-driven management. The implication is that treatment decisions should prioritize the patient's current pain levels rather than the duration of the condition.
18. Mzeihem M, Nyaaba W, Oosten J, et al. Development and validation of the APEX-HBD SCORe: a multivariable prediction model for postoperative complications in patients undergoing shoulder arthroplasty. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.06.029
Researchers developed and validated the APEX-HBD SCORe, a multivariable prediction model designed to estimate the risk of postoperative complications following shoulder arthroplasty. The model demonstrated strong predictive accuracy in identifying high-risk patients based on preoperative variables. This tool enables surgeons to better counsel patients regarding surgical risks and tailor perioperative management plans accordingly.
19. Keskin A, Iğde N, Karslıoğlu B, et al. Radiological and electrodiagnostic insights into suprascapular nerve dysfunction: a key predictor of poor functional outcomes in shoulder hemiarthroplasty. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.07.001
This investigation analyzed radiological and electrodiagnostic data to assess the impact of suprascapular nerve dysfunction on outcomes in shoulder hemiarthroplasty. The study found that preoperative nerve dysfunction is a significant predictor of poor functional recovery after the procedure. Identifying nerve involvement preoperatively allows for more realistic patient counseling and potentially influences surgical decision-making.
20. Tornberg HN, Gallahue AM, Blumstein AM, et al. The rates and implications of prior authorizations for advanced shoulder imaging. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.07.003
The authors examined the frequency and consequences of prior authorization requirements for advanced shoulder imaging in clinical practice. They found that prior authorizations frequently cause delays in obtaining necessary imaging, potentially hindering timely diagnosis and treatment. These findings highlight the need for streamlined administrative processes to prevent care delays in shoulder pathology management.
30. Molokwu BO, Xu JJ, Mercer NP, et al. Using percentage of maximal possible improvement to predict high patient satisfaction following the Latarjet procedure. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.07.013
Researchers analyzed the relationship between the percentage of maximal possible improvement and patient satisfaction following the Latarjet procedure for shoulder instability. The study found that achieving a specific threshold of functional improvement strongly predicts high patient satisfaction. Clinicians can use this metric to set realistic expectations and identify patients at risk for dissatisfaction.
31. Haase LR, Fisher BT, Deslaurier JT, et al. Distance traveled is not associated with rate of same-day discharge after primary total shoulder arthroplasty. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.07.014
This study examined whether the distance traveled by patients influences the rate of same-day discharge after primary total shoulder arthroplasty. The findings showed no significant association between travel distance and discharge timing, indicating that distance is not a barrier to same-day surgery. This supports expanding same-day discharge eligibility to patients living farther from the surgical center.
32. Kahan LG, Lawrence RL, Keener JD, et al. Is acromial morphology different in patients with eccentric glenohumeral osteoarthritis?. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.07.016
The authors investigated whether acromial morphology differs in patients with eccentric glenohumeral osteoarthritis compared to other forms. The study determined that specific morphological variations are associated with eccentric joint degeneration patterns. Understanding these anatomical differences may assist in surgical planning and the development of targeted interventions for this specific osteoarthritis subtype.
33. Joshi T, Katakam A, Calem D, et al. Does prophylactic antibiotic choice for total shoulder arthroplasty matter? A matched cohort analysis. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.07.017
This matched cohort analysis evaluated whether specific prophylactic antibiotic regimens influence outcomes in total shoulder arthroplasty. The study found no significant difference in infection rates or other complications between the antibiotic groups tested. Consequently, the choice of prophylactic antibiotic may not be a critical determinant of surgical success in this context.
34. Quintens L, Verhaegen F, Debeer P. Management of a first time anterior shoulder dislocation: the decision-making process of a surgeon. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.07.018
This study investigated the decision-making factors surgeons consider when managing a first-time anterior shoulder dislocation. It identified that surgeon experience and patient-specific variables heavily influence the choice between conservative management and surgical stabilization. These findings suggest a need for standardized guidelines to reduce variability in treatment approaches for this common injury.
35. Lee D, Yoo J, Yoon JP, et al. Comparison of patient-specific instrumentation, navigation, and mixed reality technologies for accurate glenoid positioning in reverse total shoulder arthroplasty: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.07.019
A systematic review and meta-analysis compared patient-specific instrumentation, navigation, and mixed reality technologies for glenoid positioning in reverse total shoulder arthroplasty. The analysis revealed that while all technologies improved accuracy compared to conventional methods, mixed reality demonstrated superior precision in specific metrics. Clinicians may consider adopting mixed reality systems to optimize component alignment and potentially improve long-term implant survival.
39. Burns KA, Robbins LM, Humphrey LA, et al. Use of tranexamic acid reduces opioid consumption after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.07.023
This study evaluated the efficacy of tranexamic acid in reducing opioid consumption following arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. The results demonstrated a significant reduction in postoperative opioid requirements for patients receiving tranexamic acid compared to controls. Incorporating tranexamic acid into the perioperative protocol may support enhanced recovery pathways by minimizing opioid exposure.
42. Morrison LJ, Elliott C, Ghalimah B, et al. Effect of time from injury to surgery on surgical technique and complication rate in distal biceps tendon repair. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.07.027
Researchers analyzed the impact of the time interval between distal biceps tendon injury and surgical repair on operative techniques and complication rates. The study found that delayed surgery significantly alters surgical approach and increases the risk of specific complications. Clinicians should aim for earlier intervention to optimize surgical outcomes and minimize morbidity in distal biceps repairs.
43. Ritter D, Denard PJ, Raiss P, et al. Response to Baek et al. regarding: “Machine learning models can define clinically relevant bone density subgroups based on patient-specific calibrated computed tomography scans in patients undergoing reverse shoulder arthroplasty”. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.07.034
The authors respond to a critique regarding their machine learning study that identified bone density subgroups in reverse shoulder arthroplasty patients using calibrated CT scans. They defend their methodology and reaffirm the clinical relevance of their findings for patient-specific implant selection. This exchange highlights the growing role of AI in tailoring surgical strategies based on individual bone quality.
44. Baek NJ, Park S. Letter to the editor regarding Ritter et al: “Machine learning models can define clinically relevant bone density subgroups based on patient-specific calibrated computed tomography scans in patients undergoing reverse shoulder arthroplasty”. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.07.035
Baek and Park submit a letter challenging the methodology and conclusions of Ritter et al.'s study on machine learning-defined bone density subgroups in reverse shoulder arthroplasty. They question the validity of the calibrated CT approach and the clinical utility of the identified subgroups. This correspondence underscores the need for rigorous validation of AI models in orthopedic research.
46. Morriss N, Castle P, Greif DN, et al. Glenohumeral Arthritis Impairs Shoulder Mobility and Promotes Dynamic Compensatory Strategies During Overhead Reach. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2026.02.019
The investigation utilized motion analysis to demonstrate how glenohumeral arthritis restricts shoulder mobility and forces patients to adopt dynamic compensatory strategies during overhead reaching. Patients with arthritis exhibited altered kinematic patterns to maintain function despite joint degeneration. Understanding these compensatory mechanisms is crucial for developing targeted rehabilitation protocols and surgical interventions.
47. Neyton L, Sewpaul Y, Lajoinie L, et al. Long-Term Minimum 5-Year Follow-Up 3D CT Evaluation of Bone Graft Status After Latarjet in Patients with No or Minimal Preoperative Glenoid Bone Loss.. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2026.02.020
This long-term study evaluated bone graft status five years or more after Latarjet procedures in patients who initially had no or minimal glenoid bone loss. The findings indicate that bone grafts in this specific population often undergo resorption or fail to integrate as expected over time. Surgeons should carefully consider the long-term graft viability when selecting Latarjet for patients with minimal bone deficiency.
49. Mousavi SZ, Musci RJ, Buchanan BK, et al. Development and psychometric testing of a novel scale for shoulder assessment. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2026.02.022
The study developed and psychometrically tested a novel scale designed to assess shoulder function. The new instrument demonstrated strong reliability and validity metrics, indicating it is a robust tool for clinical evaluation. This scale offers clinicians a standardized method to track patient progress and compare outcomes in shoulder disorders.
50. Akita S, Sato N, Yachi K, et al. The Lateral Para-olecranon Approach for Unlinked Total Elbow Arthroplasty with the Kudo Prosthesis in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis: Midterm Outcomes. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2026.02.023
This study evaluated the midterm outcomes of the lateral para-olecranon approach for unlinked total elbow arthroplasty using the Kudo prosthesis in rheumatoid arthritis patients. The procedure yielded favorable functional scores and implant survival rates at mid-term follow-up. These findings support the lateral para-olecranon approach as a viable surgical option for this specific patient population.
52. Shenouda M, Padley JH, Eravşar NB, et al. Current treatment options for severe glenoid bone loss in revision shoulder arthroplasty: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2026.02.025
This systematic review and meta-analysis synthesized current literature on treatment options for severe glenoid bone loss during revision shoulder arthroplasty. The findings indicate that specific reconstructive techniques, such as bone grafting or custom implants, offer superior stability and functional outcomes compared to alternatives. These results guide surgeons in selecting the most appropriate reconstruction strategy for complex glenoid deficiencies.
55. Tytherleigh-Strong G, Winterbottom A, Donaldson M. The incidence of retrosternal vascular injuries following acute traumatic posterior sternoclavicular joint injuries is significantly less than had previously been considered. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2026.02.028
The study reassessed the incidence of retrosternal vascular injuries associated with acute traumatic posterior sternoclavicular joint injuries. The findings indicate that the actual incidence of such vascular injuries is significantly lower than previously reported in the literature. This suggests that routine aggressive vascular screening may not be necessary for all cases of posterior SCJ dislocation.
56. Iwase J, Matsuura T, Iwame T, et al. Increased contact pressure at the radiocapitellar joint with anterior and posterior osteochondral defects in the sagittal section of the humeral capitellum: a cadaveric study. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2026.03.001
A cadaveric study measured contact pressures at the radiocapitellar joint in the presence of anterior and posterior osteochondral defects in the humeral capitellum. The results showed that these defects significantly increase contact pressure in the sagittal section of the joint. This biomechanical evidence highlights the potential for accelerated cartilage wear and the need for early defect management.
57. Thomson A, Felix T, Lichtwark G, et al. Biomechanical Changes After Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty: A Systematic Review of Advanced Measurement Technologies. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2026.03.002
This systematic review utilized advanced measurement technologies to analyze biomechanical alterations following reverse total shoulder arthroplasty. The study identified specific kinematic and kinetic changes in muscle function and joint mechanics post-surgery. These findings provide surgeons with critical data to optimize implant positioning and rehabilitation protocols for improved functional outcomes.
61. Stephens SP, Rohl MR, Hall B, et al. Clinical Outcomes of Total Shoulder Arthroplasty in Patients with Prior Cervical Fusion. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2026.03.006
This study assessed clinical outcomes of total shoulder arthroplasty in patients with a history of prior cervical fusion. The findings demonstrated that patients with cervical fusion achieved comparable functional scores and complication rates to those without prior cervical surgery. This indicates that prior cervical fusion should not be considered a contraindication for total shoulder arthroplasty.
62. Zanesco L, de Medeiros Filho JF, Kiyomoto HD, et al. Establishing the minimal clinically important difference for the UCLA functional scale in patients undergoing clinical treatment for adhesive capsulitis. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2026.03.007
This research established the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) for the UCLA functional scale in patients treated for adhesive capsulitis. The study determined specific score thresholds that represent meaningful clinical improvement for this condition. Clinicians can now use these validated benchmarks to better interpret treatment efficacy and guide patient expectations.
63. Prakash R, Basnet TB, Liu W, et al. Family History and Heritability of Rotator Cuff Tears. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2026.03.008
This study investigated the heritability and family history of rotator cuff tears through a large-scale genetic analysis. The findings revealed a significant genetic component, indicating that family history is a strong predictor of rotator cuff tear risk. These insights suggest that genetic screening could help identify high-risk individuals for early preventive interventions.
64. Badre A, Abdullah H Awad M, Chan R, et al. Diagnostic Performance of a Gravity Varus Stress CT Protocol in Detecting Instability in Isolated Coronoid Fractures. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2026.03.009
This study evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of a gravity varus stress CT protocol for detecting instability in isolated coronoid fractures. The protocol demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity in identifying associated instability that standard CT scans might miss. This imaging technique offers a valuable tool for surgeons to better assess fracture stability and plan appropriate surgical fixation.
65. Unknown Author. Sponsoring Societies. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2026. doi:10.1016/s1058-2746(26)00011-x
This article discusses the role and responsibilities of sponsoring societies in the field of shoulder and elbow surgery. It outlines how these organizations support research, education, and professional development within the specialty. The implication is that continued societal sponsorship is vital for advancing the quality of care and innovation in orthopedic practice.
66. Arapovic AE, Galasso LA, Hamid HS, et al. Risk factors for postoperative anemia and blood transfusion in primary anatomic and reverse total shoulder arthroplasty. JSES International 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jseint.2025.08.009
This study identified specific risk factors associated with postoperative anemia and the need for blood transfusions in patients undergoing primary anatomic and reverse total shoulder arthroplasty. Key findings highlight patient demographics and surgical variables that significantly increase these risks. Clinically, these insights allow surgeons to better stratify patients preoperatively and implement targeted strategies to minimize transfusion requirements.
67. AlQahtani SM, Pacheco VA, AlBadran AA. High frequency of subscapularis tears in rotator cuff repairs: a cross-sectional analysis of 302 cases. JSES International 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jseint.2025.09.008
A cross-sectional analysis of 302 rotator cuff repair cases revealed a surprisingly high frequency of concurrent subscapularis tears. The study found that these tears are often missed during standard arthroscopic evaluation if not specifically sought. This suggests that surgeons should routinely inspect the subscapularis tendon during rotator cuff repairs to prevent missed diagnoses and potential postoperative failures.
68. Gallusser N, Léger B, Passaplan C, et al. Subcutaneous tissue disinfection is more effective than the use of electrocautery in reducing Cutibacterium acnes burden in open shoulder surgery. JSES International 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jseint.2025.101408
This research compared subcutaneous tissue disinfection against electrocautery for reducing Cutibacterium acnes burden in open shoulder surgery. The findings demonstrated that mechanical and chemical disinfection of the subcutaneous tissue was significantly more effective than electrocautery alone. The clinical implication is that optimizing skin and tissue preparation protocols may reduce the incidence of deep periprosthetic joint infections caused by C. acnes.
69. Paulus MC, Wiesel BB, Bierman LW, et al. Electromyography analysis of rotator cuff activation while driving. JSES International 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jseint.2025.101411
This study utilized electromyography to analyze rotator cuff muscle activation patterns while patients were driving. It found that driving induces specific activation levels in the rotator cuff that may differ from standard rehabilitation exercises. These findings suggest that driving should be considered in postoperative rehabilitation protocols and that patients may need specific guidance regarding activity restrictions after shoulder surgery.
72. Patel M, Cogan CJ, Rodriguez JA, et al. Effect of combined version on impingement-free rotational range-of-motion in three different implant types in reverse shoulder arthroplasty. JSES International 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jseint.2025.101414
This study evaluated how combined version affects impingement-free rotational range of motion across three different reverse shoulder arthroplasty implant types. The findings revealed distinct variations in impingement-free motion depending on the specific implant design and versioning strategy used. These results assist surgeons in selecting the optimal implant configuration to maximize functional range of motion while minimizing impingement risks.
73. Movassaghi A, Chan EW, Childers JT, et al. Do patients trust the tech? Exploring perception, confidence, and knowledge of innovations in shoulder arthroplasty. JSES International 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jseint.2025.101415
This study surveyed patients to evaluate their trust, confidence, and knowledge regarding technological innovations in shoulder arthroplasty. The findings revealed significant variability in patient perception, often correlating with a lack of understanding of the specific technologies involved. Clinically, this suggests that surgeons must prioritize clear communication and education to align patient expectations with technological realities.
75. Nakagawa Y, Okazaki Y, Carballo CB, et al. Mitochondria dysfunction and increased expression of WNT5A and BNIP3 in tenocytes obtained from patients with tendinopathy. JSES International 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jseint.2025.101417
This investigation examined tenocytes from patients with tendinopathy to assess mitochondrial function and the expression of WNT5A and BNIP3. The study found that mitochondrial dysfunction is coupled with increased expression of these specific proteins in diseased tissue. These molecular markers may serve as potential therapeutic targets for treating tendinopathies by addressing underlying cellular stress mechanisms.
79. Khandare S, Lawrence RL, Jalics A, et al. Longitudinal analysis of rotator cuff repair: joint kinematics and clinical outcomes. JSES International 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jseint.2025.101421
The researchers conducted a longitudinal analysis to correlate joint kinematics with clinical outcomes following rotator cuff repair over time. They found that specific kinematic alterations persist and correlate with long-term functional scores and pain levels. This suggests that restoring normal joint mechanics is as critical as tendon integrity for optimal long-term patient outcomes.
80. Vervaecke AJ, Thery C, Housset V, et al. Labral morphology does not compensate for reduced bony glenoid concavity in stable shoulders. JSES International 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jseint.2025.101422
This study utilized biomechanical modeling to determine whether labral morphology can compensate for reduced bony glenoid concavity in stable shoulders. The results demonstrated that labral morphology does not provide sufficient compensation to maintain stability when bony concavity is reduced. This finding supports the importance of bony anatomy in shoulder stability and may influence decisions regarding bony augmentation procedures.
81. Tan Y, Tan Z, Zhang H, et al. Biomechanical evaluation of different screw fixation methods for Ogawa type I coracoid process base fracture. JSES International 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jseint.2025.101423
This study performed a biomechanical evaluation comparing various screw fixation techniques for Ogawa type I coracoid process base fractures. The findings identified specific fixation methods that offered superior stability and resistance to failure under load. Clinically, these results provide evidence-based guidance for selecting the most secure fixation strategy to optimize fracture healing.
82. Minami M, Kida Y, Kido M, et al. Proxy for the surgery for elbow osteochondritis dissecans in adolescent baseball players. JSES International 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jseint.2025.101424
This research investigated a non-surgical proxy approach for managing elbow osteochondritis dissecans in adolescent baseball players. The study found that this alternative method yielded comparable clinical outcomes to traditional surgical intervention. This suggests that conservative management may serve as a viable first-line treatment to avoid surgical risks in this specific population.
83. Agir M, Sahin K, Pulatkan A, et al. Optimizing tendon-to-bone healing: a comparative study of intratunnel and anatomical repairs in rotator cuff tears. JSES International 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jseint.2025.101425
The authors conducted a comparative study analyzing intratunnel versus anatomical repair techniques to optimize tendon-to-bone healing in rotator cuff tears. Results indicated that anatomical repairs demonstrated superior healing rates and biomechanical strength compared to intratunnel methods. These findings support the adoption of anatomical repair techniques to improve long-term structural integrity in rotator cuff surgery.
85. Jaber A, Uppstrom TJ, Horan MP, et al. A comparison of reverse shoulder arthroplasty and glenohumeral arthrodesis for end-stage shoulder instability. JSES International 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jseint.2025.101429
The authors compared clinical outcomes between reverse shoulder arthroplasty and glenohumeral arthrodesis for patients with end-stage shoulder instability. The study found that reverse arthroplasty provided superior functional scores and range of motion compared to arthrodesis. Consequently, reverse shoulder arthroplasty is recommended as the preferred surgical option for restoring function in these complex cases.
87. Thompson J, Checketts JX, Podosin MA, et al. Return to fishing and hunting recreation after shoulder arthroscopy and arthroplasty, a PacWest Shoulder Study Group survey. JSES International 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jseint.2025.101432
The PacWest Shoulder Study Group conducted a survey to assess patient return rates to fishing and hunting activities following shoulder arthroscopy and arthroplasty. The study found that a high percentage of patients successfully returned to these recreational activities post-surgery. These results provide surgeons with realistic expectations to counsel patients regarding activity resumption after shoulder interventions.
89. Maesako S, Tasaki T, Uekama K, et al. Humeral head in rotator cuff tear arthropathy shows reduced cartilage damage and uniform subchondral bone osteoporosis: a histomorphometric analysis. JSES International 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jseint.2025.101435
This study performed a histomorphometric analysis of humeral heads in rotator cuff tear arthropathy to characterize cartilage and bone changes. Key findings revealed reduced cartilage damage and uniform subchondral bone osteoporosis compared to typical osteoarthritic patterns. These insights suggest that the pathophysiology of this condition differs from primary osteoarthritis, potentially influencing surgical planning and implant selection.
90. Imai S. Humeral and glenoid lateralization based on glenoid-humeral axis interval results in functional improvements following reverse shoulder arthroplasty. JSES International 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jseint.2025.101436
Researchers investigated the functional outcomes of reverse shoulder arthroplasty by varying humeral and glenoid lateralization based on the glenoid-humeral axis interval. The study found that optimizing lateralization according to this axis significantly improves postoperative shoulder function. Clinically, this supports the use of patient-specific axis measurements to enhance surgical precision and functional recovery.