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What's New — Shoulder — December 2025

82 new articles published this month.

Themes: Management of Massive Irreparable Rotator Cuff Tears · Shoulder Instability: Surgical Techniques and Outcomes · Shoulder Arthroplasty: Outcomes, Complications, and Technology · Rotator Cuff Repair Biology and Adjunctive Therapies · Emerging Technologies and Clinical Decision Support

Digest generated 2026-04-16 00:40:33+00:00.

Highlights

Management of Massive Irreparable Rotator Cuff Tears

Recent literature addresses the surgical management of massive irreparable rotator cuff tears (IRCTs) through tendon transfers, superior capsular reconstruction, and spacer implants. Tendon transfers, including latissimus dorsi and lower trapezius options, demonstrate mid-term functional improvements for specific tear patterns [1, 20, 29]. Superior capsular reconstruction using xenografts shows sustained functional benefits at five years, though careful patient selection is advised [12, 24]. Subacromial balloon spacers offer pain relief and functional gains, yet they are not a universal solution for all IRCT cases [10, 22]. Furthermore, patch augmentation techniques using acellular dermal matrices are being evaluated for their ability to reduce retear rates, particularly in large tears, with mixed biomechanical and clinical results [5, 31, 35, 44, 47].

Shoulder Instability: Surgical Techniques and Outcomes

This cluster focuses on the treatment of anterior and posterior shoulder instability, emphasizing the choice between soft tissue repairs and bony procedures. The Latarjet procedure is highlighted as superior to Bankart repair for contact athletes with bone loss, offering better return-to-sport rates [14, 23]. Conversely, arthroscopic posterior capsulolabral repairs show durable mid-term outcomes with low recurrence [17, 27]. Biomechanical studies compare fixation methods for bony Bankart lesions, while radiological assessments refine the diagnosis of off-track lesions and glenoid bone loss [3, 49, 53]. Systematic reviews further clarify risk factors for failure, such as female sex and significant bone loss, guiding surgical decision-making [13, 15, 19].

Shoulder Arthroplasty: Outcomes, Complications, and Technology

Advancements in shoulder arthroplasty are explored through studies on anatomic and reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA). Research investigates the impact of humeral head reconstruction accuracy, glenoid sizing, and the use of computer navigation to improve implant positioning [43, 48, 54, 76]. Long-term outcomes for specific implants, such as inverted-bearing RTSA and stemless anatomic designs, are reported, alongside analyses of failure modes and risk factors like malnutrition and sleep apnea [58, 63, 64, 69, 71]. Complications such as greater tuberosity nonunion, instability, and high-cost drivers are systematically reviewed, while novel safety zones for greater tuberosity resection are proposed to enhance surgical precision [56, 60, 65, 67, 72, 73, 78, 81].

Rotator Cuff Repair Biology and Adjunctive Therapies

This theme encompasses biological factors influencing rotator cuff healing and the efficacy of adjunctive treatments. Studies examine the high re-tear rates of Sugaya type III tendons beyond one year and the association with fatty degeneration [8, 21]. Biological interventions include the use of PRP gel to accelerate healing, high-dose statins to preserve the tendon-bone interface, and the evaluation of acromioplasty's role in repair success [4, 7, 18, 36]. Additionally, the impact of corticosteroid infiltration on partial biceps tears and the toxicity of surgical antiseptics on tendon tissue are investigated [42, 61]. The role of manipulation under anesthesia in stiff shoulders and the effect of tear size on augmentation outcomes are also analyzed [41, 44].

Emerging Technologies and Clinical Decision Support

The integration of artificial intelligence and machine learning into orthopaedic practice is a key focus. Research compares the quality and readability of Large Language Model responses regarding shoulder instability, finding that expert plugins do not necessarily improve output [2]. Explainable machine learning models are developed to predict prolonged opioid use in rotator cuff patients, aiding in post-operative management [4]. Furthermore, deep learning models are proposed for the automatic determination of resection planes in arthritic humeri, potentially standardizing arthroplasty planning [76]. These studies highlight the growing role of data-driven tools in both patient education and surgical precision.

Articles by Theme

Management of Massive Irreparable Rotator Cuff Tears (12)

1. Baek CH, Kim BT, Hung TNK, et al. Tendon transfer for massive rotator cuff tears: A narrative review. Shoulder & Elbow 2025. doi:10.1177/17585732251409344

This narrative review evaluates tendon transfer techniques, such as latissimus dorsi and trapezius transfers, as viable alternatives for irreparable rotator cuff tears when direct repair is impossible. The authors highlight that while these procedures restore stability and function, they carry significant risks including neurovascular injury and graft failure. Successful outcomes depend critically on rigorous patient selection, precise surgical execution, and structured postoperative rehabilitation.

5. Jiang X, Yuan C, Yu Y, et al. A novel side-to-side triple-row repair combined with biceps tendon augmentation for massive rotator cuff tears: a case series demonstrating satisfactory short-term outcomes. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2025. doi:10.1186/s12891-025-09403-3

This case series evaluated a novel side-to-side triple-row repair combined with biceps tendon augmentation for massive rotator cuff tears. The study reported satisfactory short-term clinical outcomes and structural healing in the treated patients. These results suggest this combined technique may offer a promising option for managing complex massive tears.

10. Fares MY, Boufadel P, Koa J, et al. Isolated Subacromial Balloon Spacer Implantation for Massive Irreparable Rotator Cuff Tears Is Associated With Improvement in Pain and Function at a Minimum 1-Year Follow-Up. Arthroscopy: The Journal of Arthroscopic & Related Surgery 2025. doi:10.1016/j.arthro.2025.06.009

Researchers assessed isolated subacromial balloon spacer implantation for massive irreparable rotator cuff tears over a minimum one-year follow-up. The intervention was associated with significant improvements in both pain relief and functional scores. These findings support the balloon spacer as an effective palliative treatment for patients with irreparable tears.

12. Ulstrup A, Reinhold M, Stenqvist C. Shoulder Superior Capsular Reconstruction Using Xenograft Shows No Deterioration in Functional Improvement at 5-Year Follow-Up. Arthroscopy: The Journal of Arthroscopic & Related Surgery 2025. doi:10.1016/j.arthro.2025.07.020

The authors investigated the long-term durability of shoulder superior capsular reconstruction using xenografts at a five-year follow-up. They found no deterioration in functional improvement compared to earlier time points, indicating sustained efficacy. This supports the use of xenografts as a reliable option for superior capsular reconstruction.

20. Baek CH, Kim BT, Miranda LA, et al. Arthroscopically Assisted Posterior Latissimus Dorsi and Teres Major Transfer Can Alleviate Pain and Improve Shoulder Function. Arthroscopy: The Journal of Arthroscopic & Related Surgery 2025. doi:10.1016/j.arthro.2025.07.046

This article reports on the efficacy of arthroscopically assisted transfers of the latissimus dorsi and teres major muscles for posterior shoulder instability or dysfunction. The procedure successfully alleviated pain and improved functional outcomes in the treated cohort. This minimally invasive approach offers a viable surgical alternative for complex posterior shoulder pathologies.

22. Bachar-Avnieli I, Rosinsky PJ. Editorial Commentary: The Subacromial Balloon Spacer for Massive Irreparable Rotator Cuff Tears—A Valuable Tool, but Not a Blanket Solution. Arthroscopy: The Journal of Arthroscopic & Related Surgery 2025. doi:10.1016/j.arthro.2025.08.012

The authors critique the use of subacromial balloon spacers for massive irreparable rotator cuff tears, arguing they are not a universal solution. While the device can provide pain relief and functional improvement in select cases, patient selection remains critical. Clinicians should carefully evaluate individual anatomy and expectations before recommending this intervention.

24. Hartzler RU. Editorial Commentary: High Reported Mid-term Healing of Folded Superior Capsular Reconstruction Xenografts Calls for Careful Analysis of Excluded Patients. Arthroscopy: The Journal of Arthroscopic & Related Surgery 2025. doi:10.1016/j.arthro.2025.08.017

The commentary questions the reported high healing rates of folded superior capsular reconstruction xenografts, suggesting potential bias from excluded patients. It calls for a more rigorous analysis of patient selection criteria to validate these outcomes. Surgeons should interpret these results with caution until broader, more inclusive data is available.

29. Baek CH, Kim JG, Kim BT, et al. Mid-term outcomes of combined anterior latissimus dorsi and teres major tendon transfer for irreparable anterosuperior rotator cuff tears. The Bone & Joint Journal 2025. doi:10.1302/0301-620x.107b12.bjj-2025-0618.r1

This study assessed the mid-term clinical and radiological outcomes of combined anterior latissimus dorsi and teres major tendon transfers for irreparable anterosuperior rotator cuff tears. The results demonstrated that this joint-preserving procedure effectively improves internal rotation strength and shoulder stability in patients with specific tear patterns.

31. Rhee S, Cho C, Kim M, et al. Biomechanical evaluation of patch augmentation in a rotator cuff repair model using a porcine flexor digitorum profundus tendon: influence of knot tying and time-zero stability. Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow 2025. doi:10.5397/cise.2025.00164

This biomechanical study evaluated the effects of acellular dermal matrix patch augmentation on rotator cuff repair stability, specifically examining the role of medial knot tying. The results indicated that patch augmentation without medial knot tying significantly increased tendon elongation and strain compared to repairs with knot tying or non-patched controls.

35. Baek E, Kim HG, Lee JH, et al. Human dermal allograft patch cushioning augmentation in large rotator cuff repair. Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow 2025. doi:10.5397/cise.2025.00311

This technical report introduces a novel 'patch cushioning technique' using human acellular dermal matrix allografts to augment large rotator cuff repairs. The method aims to simplify the procedure, ensure adequate medial coverage, and alleviate impingement through a spacer effect while promoting direct tendon contact. This approach addresses limitations of traditional suture-bridge configurations and acromiograft techniques regarding complexity and incorporation issues.

44. Park J, Kim J, Koo H. Effects of tear size on outcomes after acellular dermal matrix-augmented rotator cuff repair. Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow 2025. doi:10.5397/cise.2025.00745

Researchers retrospectively assessed the impact of tear size on outcomes following acellular dermal matrix-augmented rotator cuff repair, comparing patients with tears ≤30 mm to those with larger tears. While both groups showed significant clinical improvement, larger tears were associated with higher rates of stiffness and retear, though overall functional scores did not differ significantly between groups. This suggests that while ADM augmentation benefits all tear sizes, larger tears remain at higher risk for complications and may require more intensive postoperative management.

47. Sohn H, Cho C. Acellular dermal matrix patch augmentation combined with rotator cuff repair. Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow 2025. doi:10.5397/cise.2025.01102

This article discusses the use of acellular dermal matrix patch augmentation combined with rotator cuff repair, likely focusing on surgical techniques or clinical applications. Without an abstract, specific outcomes or comparative data cannot be extracted from the provided text. The piece presumably addresses the role of ADM in reinforcing repairs, though detailed findings are unavailable.

Shoulder Instability: Surgical Techniques and Outcomes (12)

3. Chang W, Kuan F, Chen Y, et al. Transosseous all-suture anchor fixation for bony Bankart lesions: a biomechanical study. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2025. doi:10.1186/s12891-025-09439-5

This biomechanical study compared transosseous all-suture anchor fixation against metallic and standard all-suture anchors for bony Bankart lesions in synthetic scapulae. The findings demonstrated that transosseous fixation achieved comparable stiffness and failure loads to metallic anchors, suggesting it is a mechanically viable alternative. This supports the potential use of all-suture anchors in bony Bankart repairs where cortical bone purchase is limited.

9. Hachem A, Gonzalez-Morgado D, Barraza G, et al. Arthroscopic Iliac Crest Autograft Glenoid Augmentation Using Tape Cerclage Fixation for Bony Deficiency and Recurrent Anterior Shoulder Instability Improves Functional Outcomes and Achieves High Union Rates With Graft Resorption in Nonloaded Areas. Arthroscopy: The Journal of Arthroscopic & Related Surgery 2025. doi:10.1016/j.arthro.2025.04.042

The study evaluated arthroscopic iliac crest autograft glenoid augmentation with tape cerclage fixation for bony deficiency and recurrent anterior shoulder instability. It found that the procedure achieved high union rates and improved functional outcomes, despite graft resorption in nonloaded areas. This suggests the technique is a viable option for restoring stability in complex glenoid bone loss cases.

13. Afetse EK, Noonan J, Munro A, et al. Female Sex, Reduced Glenoid Bone Width, and Glenoid Bone Loss Greater Than 11% to 15% May Increase the Risk of Failure After Arthroscopic Posterior Capsulolabral Repair: A Systematic Review. Arthroscopy: The Journal of Arthroscopic & Related Surgery 2025. doi:10.1016/j.arthro.2025.07.023

A systematic review identified female sex, reduced glenoid bone width, and glenoid bone loss exceeding 11% to 15% as risk factors for failure after arthroscopic posterior capsulolabral repair. These specific anatomical and demographic variables may help surgeons stratify patient risk preoperatively. Clinicians should consider these factors when selecting candidates for this repair technique.

14. Rossi LA, Brandariz R, Pasqualini I, et al. Greater Return to Sport and Lower Recurrences With the Latarjet Procedure Versus Bankart Repair Without Remplissage in Martial Art Contact Athletes With Glenohumeral Instability and Glenoid Bone Loss Less Than 20%. Arthroscopy: The Journal of Arthroscopic & Related Surgery 2025. doi:10.1016/j.arthro.2025.07.026

The study compared the Latarjet procedure and Bankart repair without remplissage in martial arts athletes with glenoid bone loss under 20%. The Latarjet procedure resulted in higher return-to-sport rates and lower recurrence rates compared to the Bankart repair. This indicates that the Latarjet may be superior for high-demand contact athletes with mild bone loss.

15. Valk J, Deshpande V, Hitchens H, et al. Ranges of Return to Sport Outcomes Following Anterior Shoulder Instability Surgery Are Influenced by Procedure, Athletic Level, and Follow-Up Duration: A Systematic Review. Arthroscopy: The Journal of Arthroscopic & Related Surgery 2025. doi:10.1016/j.arthro.2025.07.032

A systematic review analyzed factors influencing return to sport outcomes following anterior shoulder instability surgery. The review concluded that procedure type, athletic level, and follow-up duration significantly impact return rates. Surgeons should tailor expectations and surgical choices based on these variables to optimize patient outcomes.

17. Pasqualini I, Turan O, Larrague C, et al. Posterior Labral Repair With Capsular Plication Shows Enduring Mid-Term Outcomes and Return to Sports With Low Recurrence Rates. Arthroscopy: The Journal of Arthroscopic & Related Surgery 2025. doi:10.1016/j.arthro.2025.07.040

This study evaluated mid-term outcomes of posterior labral repair combined with capsular plication in patients with posterior shoulder instability. The procedure demonstrated durable results with high rates of return to sports and low recurrence rates. These findings support the technique as a reliable surgical option for this patient population.

19. Jin H, Zhang G, Chen S, et al. Surgical Treatment Is Superior to Conservative Options in Preventing Recurrence of First-Time Anterior Shoulder Dislocation in Adolescents and Adults Under 40 Years of Age: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis. Arthroscopy: The Journal of Arthroscopic & Related Surgery 2025. doi:10.1016/j.arthro.2025.07.044

A systematic review and network meta-analysis compared surgical versus conservative management for first-time anterior shoulder dislocations in patients under 40. The analysis found that surgical intervention significantly reduces recurrence rates compared to non-operative treatment. Clinicians should consider early surgical stabilization for this demographic to prevent recurrent instability.

23. Bonnevialle N. Editorial Commentary: Don’t Beat Around The Bush, Consider Going Straight to the Latarjet Procedure in Martial Arts Contact Athletes With Anterior Shoulder Instability!. Arthroscopy: The Journal of Arthroscopic & Related Surgery 2025. doi:10.1016/j.arthro.2025.08.016

This commentary advocates for immediate Latarjet procedures in martial arts athletes with anterior shoulder instability rather than soft tissue repairs. The author argues that the high-contact nature of the sport necessitates the bony augmentation provided by the Latarjet to prevent recurrence. This approach prioritizes long-term stability for high-demand contact athletes.

27. Kay J, Ayeni OR. Editorial Commentary: Posterior Shoulder Instability in Athletes: Durable Recovery May Be Achievable With Arthroscopic Management. Arthroscopy: The Journal of Arthroscopic & Related Surgery 2025. doi:10.1016/j.arthro.2025.09.003

This editorial explores the management of posterior shoulder instability in athletes, suggesting that durable recovery is achievable through arthroscopic techniques. The authors highlight the potential for successful long-term outcomes with minimally invasive approaches in this specific athletic population.

49. Gordins V, Sansone M, Karlsson L, et al. Bony Bankart lesions exceeding 20% of glenoid width are common and show gender-based anatomical differences: A radiological study of 239 patients. Journal of ISAKOS 2025. doi:10.1016/j.jisako.2025.101001

This radiological study analyzed 239 patients to determine the prevalence and anatomical characteristics of bony Bankart lesions exceeding 20% of glenoid width. The key finding revealed that such large lesions are common and exhibit significant gender-based anatomical differences. These results suggest that preoperative planning for shoulder instability must account for specific gender-related anatomical variations when assessing glenoid bone loss.

52. Kuan F, Hsu K, Lin F, et al. Biomechanical comparisons of screw fixation vs. suture button fixation for managing anterior shoulder instability with distal clavicle bone graft. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2025. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.02.044

This biomechanical study compared screw fixation versus suture button fixation for managing anterior shoulder instability when utilizing a distal clavicle bone graft. The findings indicated distinct differences in mechanical stability and load-to-failure characteristics between the two fixation methods. These data provide surgeons with biomechanical evidence to guide the selection of fixation techniques based on specific stability requirements for bone grafting procedures.

53. Kimura R, Yamamoto N, Arino A, et al. The conventional magnetic resonance method may overestimate off-track Hill-Sachs lesions. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2025. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.02.046

This study investigated the accuracy of conventional magnetic resonance imaging in assessing off-track Hill-Sachs lesions compared to other diagnostic standards. The key finding demonstrated that conventional MRI tends to overestimate the size and off-track status of these lesions. Clinicians should interpret MRI findings for off-track lesions with caution and consider complementary imaging to avoid unnecessary surgical interventions.

Shoulder Arthroplasty: Outcomes, Complications, and Technology (17)

43. Ball CM. Does computer navigation improve patient outcomes compared to conventional techniques in total shoulder arthroplasty? A single-surgeon experience. Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow 2025. doi:10.5397/cise.2025.00689

This study compared patient-reported outcomes and complications between total shoulder arthroplasty procedures performed with computer navigation versus conventional techniques. Navigated anatomic and reverse arthroplasties demonstrated statistically significant improvements in functional scores and pain compared to non-navigated counterparts. The findings imply that computer navigation may enhance surgical precision and patient outcomes, particularly in complex cases requiring accurate implant placement.

48. Sheth MM, Hsu JE. Humeral Head Reconstruction in Anatomic Shoulder Arthroplasty. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery 2025. doi:10.2106/jbjs.24.01583

This review emphasizes the importance of anatomic humeral head reconstruction in total shoulder arthroplasty to optimize joint mechanics and avoid complications like overstuffing. It highlights that while various assessment methods exist, surgical technique and surgeon familiarity with the implant system are more critical than the specific stem length used. The authors conclude that no single component type consistently yields superior reconstruction quality, advocating for individualized surgical approaches.

54. Paliani KK, Hunter JC, Johnson JA, et al. Tornier Perform Anatomic Augmented Glenoid Implants correct posterior subluxation and maintain active joint reduction in Walch B2 glenoids. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2025. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.02.047

This study evaluated the performance of Tornier Perform Anatomic Augmented Glenoid Implants in correcting posterior subluxation and maintaining joint reduction in Walch B2 glenoids. The results showed that these implants effectively correct subluxation and maintain active joint reduction in this specific deformity. This supports the use of augmented glenoid implants as a viable solution for managing complex posterior glenoid bone loss in reverse or anatomic shoulder arthroplasty.

56. Bluhm JB, Aziz A, Martinez VH, et al. Risk factors for greater tuberosity nonunion following reverse total shoulder arthroplasty for proximal humerus fractures: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2025. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.02.049

This systematic review and meta-analysis identified risk factors associated with greater tuberosity nonunion following reverse total shoulder arthroplasty for proximal humerus fractures. The analysis highlighted specific patient and surgical variables that significantly increase the risk of nonunion. Understanding these risk factors allows surgeons to better counsel patients and potentially modify surgical techniques to mitigate the risk of this complication.

58. Kääb MJ, Reuther F, Joudet T, et al. Long-term clinical and radiographic outcomes after inverted-bearing reverse total shoulder arthroplasty: a multicenter study with the Affinis Inverse prosthesis. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2025. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.02.051

A multicenter study evaluated the long-term clinical and radiographic results of the Affinis Inverse prosthesis in inverted-bearing reverse total shoulder arthroplasty. The findings demonstrate sustained functional improvement and implant survival over extended follow-up periods. These results support the use of this specific prosthesis for reliable long-term management of rotator cuff arthropathy.

60. Kawashima I, Takahashi N, Matsuki K, et al. Better scapulohumeral rhythm is associated with superior patient-reported outcome measures in shoulders with semi-inlay type reverse shoulder arthroplasty. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2025. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.02.053

Researchers investigated the relationship between scapulohumeral rhythm and patient-reported outcomes in shoulders undergoing semi-inlay reverse shoulder arthroplasty. The study found that improved scapulohumeral rhythm is significantly associated with superior functional scores and patient satisfaction. This suggests that optimizing scapular mechanics is a critical factor in achieving better clinical results with this implant design.

63. Lauck BJ, Cathey JM, Adams NC, et al. Why do primary anatomic total shoulder arthroplasties fail today? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2025. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.02.057

A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to identify the primary causes of failure in contemporary primary anatomic total shoulder arthroplasties. The findings reveal that glenoid component loosening and rotator cuff insufficiency remain the leading mechanisms of failure. These insights emphasize the need for improved implant fixation techniques and patient selection criteria to enhance longevity.

64. Goldberg SS, Hernandez Lopez MF, Conrad CC, et al. Clinical and radiographic outcomes at 5-8 years of the Catalyst CSR stem-free ellipsoid anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty in a series of 206 shoulders. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2025. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.02.058

This study reports the 5- to 8-year clinical and radiographic outcomes of the Catalyst CSR stem-free ellipsoid anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty in a large cohort. The results show favorable survivorship and functional improvements with no evidence of stem-related complications. These data support the efficacy of this stem-free design for long-term anatomic shoulder replacement.

65. Howard WH, Robinson LT, Vasimalla M, et al. Instability after reverse shoulder arthroplasty: a systematic review of interventions and clinical outcomes. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2025. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.02.059

This systematic review evaluated various interventions and their clinical outcomes for managing instability following reverse shoulder arthroplasty. The analysis identified specific surgical techniques and patient factors that significantly influence success rates in resolving instability. These findings provide surgeons with evidence-based strategies to optimize revision planning and improve postoperative stability.

67. Liu G, Zhang B, Mahakkanukrauh C, et al. Novel surgical safety zones on bony-en-face view of humeral greater tuberosity: a fresh cadaveric dissection study. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2025. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.02.061

Researchers performed fresh cadaveric dissections to define novel surgical safety zones on the bony-en-face view of the humeral greater tuberosity. The study mapped critical neurovascular structures relative to the tuberosity to establish safer trajectories for screw placement. These safety zones offer a practical guide to reduce the risk of neurovascular complications during rotator cuff repair and fixation.

69. Sanghvi PA, Burkhart RJ, Adelstein JM, et al. Outcomes following total shoulder arthroplasty in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2025. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.03.003

This investigation analyzed postoperative outcomes of total shoulder arthroplasty in patients with obstructive sleep apnea compared to those without the condition. The study found that obstructive sleep apnea is associated with specific perioperative risks and recovery trajectories that may require tailored management. Recognizing these associations allows for enhanced preoperative screening and postoperative monitoring protocols for this high-risk population.

71. Lawand JJ, Rizk AA, Sogbein OA, et al. Preoperative malnutrition is associated with increased risk of 90-day major medical complications and increased 2-year revision rates following total shoulder arthroplasty. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2025. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.03.005

This study examined the relationship between preoperative malnutrition and adverse outcomes following total shoulder arthroplasty. It found that malnourished patients face a significantly higher risk of major medical complications within 90 days and increased revision rates at two years. Preoperative nutritional screening and optimization are therefore essential to mitigate these risks and improve long-term surgical success.

72. Kim HM, Kim JJ. Conjoint tendon release results in improved internal rotation and pain following reverse shoulder arthroplasty: a combined randomized clinical trial and biomechanical study. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2025. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.03.006

This combined randomized clinical trial and biomechanical study assessed the effects of conjoint tendon release on internal rotation and pain after reverse shoulder arthroplasty. The intervention resulted in statistically significant improvements in internal rotation range of motion and pain reduction compared to standard techniques. Surgeons may consider conjoint tendon release as a valuable adjunctive procedure to enhance functional outcomes in reverse shoulder arthroplasty.

73. Nguyen N, Huang Y, Eckers F, et al. The influence of glenosphere size and glenoid-sided offset on shoulder stability following reverse total shoulder arthroplasty using the Zimmer Trabecular Metal Reverse Plus shoulder system. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2025. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.03.007

This study evaluated how glenosphere size and glenoid-sided offset affect shoulder stability in reverse total shoulder arthroplasty using the Zimmer Trabecular Metal Reverse Plus system. The findings suggest that specific combinations of these parameters significantly influence postoperative stability outcomes. Clinically, surgeons should carefully select glenosphere size and offset to optimize stability and reduce dislocation risks.

76. Spangenberg GW, Uddin FZ, Habis AA, et al. Automatic determination of the resection plane for shoulder arthroplasty in arthritic humeri: a deep learning model. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2025. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.03.010

Researchers developed a deep learning model to automatically determine the optimal resection plane for shoulder arthroplasty in arthritic humeri. The model demonstrated high accuracy in predicting resection planes compared to manual measurements by surgeons. This technology could standardize surgical planning and improve the precision of humeral bone cuts in arthroplasty procedures.

78. Hurley ET, Lorentz SG, Doyle TR, et al. Revision reverse total shoulder arthroplasty as an outpatient procedure. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2025. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.03.013

The authors presented a case series evaluating the clinical outcomes of arthroscopic treatment for shoulder synovial chondromatosis. Patients experienced significant improvements in pain relief and range of motion following the procedure. Arthroscopic management appears to be an effective and minimally invasive option for treating this condition.

81. Lukenchuk J, Carroll PJ, Werthel J, et al. Reverse total shoulder arthroplasty polyethylene percentage capture: a descriptive analysis of commercially available reverse shoulder arthroplasty systems. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2025. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.03.016

This study conducted a descriptive analysis of commercially available reverse total shoulder arthroplasty systems to evaluate their polyethylene percentage capture rates. The findings revealed significant variability in the degree of polyethylene capture across different implant designs. Clinically, these results highlight the importance of selecting specific systems based on their geometric constraints to optimize joint stability and reduce dislocation risks.

Rotator Cuff Repair Biology and Adjunctive Therapies (9)

4. Guattery J, Miller LM, Irrgang JJ, et al. Explainable machine learning to predict prolonged post-operative opioid use in rotator cuff patients. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2025. doi:10.1186/s12891-025-09301-8

This study developed an explainable machine learning model to predict prolonged post-operative opioid use in patients undergoing rotator cuff repair. By identifying specific preoperative and intraoperative risk factors, the model aims to facilitate early intervention and personalized pain management strategies. The clinical implication is a potential reduction in opioid dependency and improved post-surgical recovery trajectories.

7. Zhang J, Ying L, Ying L, et al. Arthroscopic PRP gel augmentation at the tendon-bone interface accelerates functional recovery and structural healing in rotator cuff repair: a retrospective cohort study. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2025. doi:10.1186/s12891-025-09366-5

This retrospective cohort study investigated the effects of arthroscopic platelet-rich plasma (PRP) gel augmentation at the tendon-bone interface in rotator cuff repairs. The findings indicated that PRP augmentation significantly accelerated both functional recovery and structural healing compared to standard repair alone. This supports the integration of PRP as an adjunctive therapy to enhance postoperative outcomes.

8. Akimoto K, Ochiai N, Hashimoto E, et al. Re-tear Rate of Sugaya III Tendons Between 1 and 2 Years Postoperatively After Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair Is Over 30% and Associated With Higher Tear Size and Fatty Degeneration. Arthroscopy: The Journal of Arthroscopic & Related Surgery 2025. doi:10.1016/j.arthro.2024.12.029

This study analyzed the re-tear rates of Sugaya Type III tendons one to two years after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair, finding a rate exceeding 30%. Higher initial tear size and the presence of fatty degeneration were identified as significant predictors of these re-tears. Clinically, this highlights the need for careful preoperative counseling and potentially more aggressive management for high-risk patients.

18. Yoon JP, Park S, Kim D, et al. High-Dose Statins Preserve Tendon-Bone Interface Healing Without Adversely Affecting Fatty Infiltration in a Rotator Cuff Repair Rat Model. Arthroscopy: The Journal of Arthroscopic & Related Surgery 2025. doi:10.1016/j.arthro.2025.07.043

Précis unavailable.

21. Amini MH, Patel M. Editorial Commentary: One Year Is Enough to Know the Short-Term Outcomes of Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair, but What Happens to the Sugaya III Tendon After a Year?. Arthroscopy: The Journal of Arthroscopic & Related Surgery 2025. doi:10.1016/j.arthro.2025.08.003

This editorial commentary discusses the limitations of one-year follow-up in assessing rotator cuff repair outcomes, specifically regarding Sugaya type III tendon morphology. It highlights the need for longer-term data to understand the clinical significance of intermediate healing grades. Surgeons should be cautious in interpreting short-term imaging results as definitive indicators of long-term success.

36. Baig M, Mohan K, Groarke P, et al. Does acromioplasty enhance arthroscopic rotator cuff repair? A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials. Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow 2025. doi:10.5397/cise.2025.00458

This systematic review and meta-analysis of six randomized controlled trials investigated whether adding acromioplasty to arthroscopic rotator cuff repair improves functional outcomes, pain relief, or re-tear rates. The analysis found that while both groups improved, there was no statistically significant difference in primary outcomes between repairs performed with and without acromioplasty. Consequently, the routine addition of acromioplasty may not be necessary for all patients undergoing rotator cuff repair.

41. Kinoshita Y, Takeda Y, Fujii K, et al. Arthroscopic rotator cuff repair with manipulation under anesthesia yields similar clinical outcomes to isolated rotator cuff repair and is associated with lower retear rates in medium-sized tears. Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow 2025. doi:10.5397/cise.2025.00619

This retrospective study compared clinical outcomes and retear rates in patients with preoperative stiffness undergoing arthroscopic rotator cuff repair with manipulation under anesthesia versus those without stiffness. The key finding was that while clinical outcomes were similar between groups, the stiffness group treated with manipulation under anesthesia exhibited significantly lower retear rates for medium-sized tears. Clinically, this suggests that manipulation under anesthesia is a safe and effective adjunct that may improve tendon healing in stiff shoulders without compromising functional recovery.

42. Wörner EA, Zwerus EL, Prkic A, et al. Corticosteroid infiltration in partial distal biceps ruptures. Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow 2025. doi:10.5397/cise.2025.00647

A single-center retrospective analysis evaluated the safety and efficacy of ultrasound-guided peritendinous corticosteroid infiltration for non-surgical management of partial distal biceps tendon ruptures. The study found that the procedure was safe with no reported complications or progression to complete rupture over a median follow-up of 15 months. These results support corticosteroid infiltration as a viable non-operative treatment option for pain relief in patients with partial distal biceps tears.

61. Moslehyazdi M, Pasko KBD, Bielajew B, et al. The toxicity of chlorhexidine and povidone-iodine to rotator cuff tendon. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2025. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.02.054

This in vitro study assessed the cytotoxic effects of chlorhexidine and povidone-iodine on rotator cuff tendon cells. The results indicate that both antiseptics exhibit significant toxicity to tendon tissue, with povidone-iodine showing particularly damaging effects at standard concentrations. Surgeons should exercise caution when using these agents near exposed tendons to prevent iatrogenic tissue damage.

Emerging Technologies and Clinical Decision Support (3)

2. Skaik K, Omoseni S, Dagher D, et al. ChatGPT models provide higher‐quality but lower‐readability responses than Google Gemini regarding anterior shoulder instability, with no added benefit of the orthopaedic expert plugin. Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy 2025. doi:10.1002/ksa.70255

This study compared the quality and readability of responses from ChatGPT 4o, its orthopaedic expert plugin, and Google Gemini regarding anterior shoulder instability. Results indicated that ChatGPT models provided higher medical quality scores than Gemini, though the expert plugin offered no additional benefit over the standard model. Clinically, while AI can generate high-quality information, the complexity of the language may limit patient accessibility without further simplification.

4. Guattery J, Miller LM, Irrgang JJ, et al. Explainable machine learning to predict prolonged post-operative opioid use in rotator cuff patients. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2025. doi:10.1186/s12891-025-09301-8

This study developed an explainable machine learning model to predict prolonged post-operative opioid use in patients undergoing rotator cuff repair. By identifying specific preoperative and intraoperative risk factors, the model aims to facilitate early intervention and personalized pain management strategies. The clinical implication is a potential reduction in opioid dependency and improved post-surgical recovery trajectories.

76. Spangenberg GW, Uddin FZ, Habis AA, et al. Automatic determination of the resection plane for shoulder arthroplasty in arthritic humeri: a deep learning model. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2025. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.03.010

Researchers developed a deep learning model to automatically determine the optimal resection plane for shoulder arthroplasty in arthritic humeri. The model demonstrated high accuracy in predicting resection planes compared to manual measurements by surgeons. This technology could standardize surgical planning and improve the precision of humeral bone cuts in arthroplasty procedures.

6. Kim S, Chang M, Chae S. Three-dimensional comparative strain analysis of the capsuloligamentous complex during passive glenohumeral motion. Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research 2025. doi:10.1186/s13018-025-06548-8

This research utilized three-dimensional analysis to map strain patterns within the capsuloligamentous complex during passive glenohumeral motion. The study identified specific regions of high strain that correlate with common sites of shoulder instability and injury. Understanding these biomechanical stress distributions can inform surgical repair techniques and rehabilitation protocols.

11. Rupp M, Fritsch L, Muench LN, et al. Arthroscopically Assisted Acromioclavicular Joint Stabilization in Patients Aged ≥50 Years Results in a Low Rate of Clinical Failure, Favorable Outcomes, and High Return to Activity and Work. Arthroscopy: The Journal of Arthroscopic & Related Surgery 2025. doi:10.1016/j.arthro.2025.06.015

This study examined arthroscopically assisted acromioclavicular joint stabilization in patients aged 50 years or older. Results indicated a low rate of clinical failure, favorable functional outcomes, and high rates of return to activity and work. The data suggests that age alone should not preclude surgical stabilization for this demographic.

16. Brinkman JC, Kunze KN. Editorial Commentary: Reconstructing the Surgical Indications for Acromioclavicular Joint Injuries: Age Is Just a Number. Arthroscopy: The Journal of Arthroscopic & Related Surgery 2025. doi:10.1016/j.arthro.2025.07.034

This editorial commentary argues that age should not be a limiting factor in determining surgical indications for acromioclavicular joint injuries. It advocates for a shift in clinical decision-making to prioritize patient activity levels and functional goals over chronological age. The piece suggests that surgical outcomes in older patients can be favorable when appropriately indicated.

25. Lin A, Gilbert R, Vargas L. Editorial Commentary: Arthroscopic Free Bone Blocks With Alternative Fixation Are Likely the Wave of the Future but Further Research Is Necessary Before Widespread Adoption. Arthroscopy: The Journal of Arthroscopic & Related Surgery 2025. doi:10.1016/j.arthro.2025.08.018

This editorial commentary discusses the potential of arthroscopic free bone blocks with alternative fixation as a future standard for shoulder procedures. While acknowledging the promising nature of these techniques, the authors emphasize that further research is required before they can be widely adopted in clinical practice.

26. Weber SC. Editorial Commentary: Arthroscopically Assisted Posterior Latissimus Dorsi and Teres Major Transfers Show Improvement for Irreparable Posterosuperior Rotator Cuff Tears but Are Rarely the Best Choice. Arthroscopy: The Journal of Arthroscopic & Related Surgery 2025. doi:10.1016/j.arthro.2025.08.025

The author evaluates arthroscopically assisted posterior latissimus dorsi and teres major transfers for irreparable posterosuperior rotator cuff tears, noting that while they show improvement, they are rarely the optimal choice. The commentary suggests that despite the benefits, these transfers should not be considered the primary solution for this specific pathology.

28. Seong JE, Lee JA, Lee YS, et al. Clinical characteristics and predictors of outcomes in septic arthritis of the shoulder. The Bone & Joint Journal 2025. doi:10.1302/0301-620x.107b12.bjj-2025-0333.r1

This retrospective study analyzed 99 patients to identify clinical characteristics and predictors of unfavorable outcomes in shoulder septic arthritis. The findings revealed that leukocytosis and specific microbiological factors, particularly MRSA, were associated with poorer results, aiding in risk stratification for affected patients.

30. Martinez-Catalan N, Gabardo-Calvo S, Valencia M, et al. Factors associated with failed conservative treatment in patients with degenerative full-thickness supraspinatus tears. The Bone & Joint Journal 2025. doi:10.1302/0301-620x.107b12.bjj-2025-0742.r2

This prospective study evaluated conservative treatment for degenerative full-thickness supraspinatus tears to identify predictors of treatment failure requiring surgery. The research aimed to distinguish patient characteristics and tear sizes that correlate with poor outcomes, thereby helping clinicians determine which patients may need earlier surgical intervention.

32. Lang J, Morya VK, Noh K. Outcome comparison of lower trapezius tendon transfer and arthroscopic rotator cuff tear repair using muscle advancement for massive rotator cuff tear: a systematic review. Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow 2025. doi:10.5397/cise.2025.00171

This systematic review compared clinical outcomes between lower trapezius tendon transfer and arthroscopic muscle advancement for massive rotator cuff tears. The analysis found that muscle advancement offered superior functional scores and abduction recovery, whereas lower trapezius transfer provided better pain relief, external rotation, and lower retear rates.

33. Kim SC, McGarry MH, Lee TQ, et al. Arm positions with increased risk of subscapularis external impingement at the subcoracoid arch. Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow 2025. doi:10.5397/cise.2025.00213

This cadaveric biomechanical study evaluated contact pressures between the subcoracoid arch and subscapularis complex across eight arm positions to identify impingement risks. The highest mean contact pressure occurred at 60° abduction with maximal external rotation, while no contact was observed at 20° abduction with maximal internal rotation. These findings suggest that specific arm positions, particularly those involving abduction and external rotation, significantly increase the risk of subscapularis tears due to mechanical impingement.

34. Kim J, Gahlot N, Park HB. Frozen shoulder: a narrative review of current treatment concepts and the underlying scientific evidence. Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow 2025. doi:10.5397/cise.2025.00220

This narrative review examines current treatment strategies for frozen shoulder, analyzing conservative and procedural options alongside emerging molecular insights. It highlights the need for tailored treatment approaches based on disease stage and patient factors while identifying significant gaps in current scientific evidence. The authors call for further high-quality research to optimize management and address the incomplete understanding of the disorder's pathophysiology.

37. Kingery MT, Pianka MA, Brash A, et al. Radiologic features of idiopathic pre-osteoarthritic posterior subluxation of the humeral head. Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow 2025. doi:10.5397/cise.2025.00465

This retrospective case series characterized radiologic features of idiopathic pre-osteoarthritic posterior subluxation of the humeral head, noting significant glenoid retroversion and posterior cartilage thinning. The study established a relationship between increased glenoid retroversion and the degree of humeral head subluxation in young, symptomatic patients. These findings provide critical imaging benchmarks for early diagnosis before degenerative bony changes become apparent on plain radiographs.

38. Kaza E, Neel G, Feeley S, et al. Humeral head avascular necrosis: etiology, diagnosis, and management. Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow 2025. doi:10.5397/cise.2025.00493

This review comprehensively covers the etiology, diagnosis, and management of humeral head avascular necrosis, emphasizing MRI as the most sensitive diagnostic tool for early detection. It outlines a treatment algorithm ranging from conservative measures and core decompression for early stages to arthroplasty for advanced collapse, noting the potential benefits of pyrocarbon hemiarthroplasty. The article underscores the importance of early intervention to prevent structural compromise and joint degeneration.

39. MacEwen HL, Morell M, Feeley S, et al. Midshaft clavicular fractures in adolescents: a comprehensive review of diagnosis and management. Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow 2025. doi:10.5397/cise.2025.00500

This review discusses the diagnosis and management of midshaft clavicular fractures in adolescents, contrasting historical nonoperative approaches with recent trends toward operative fixation for displaced fractures. While nonoperative treatment remains effective for most cases due to remodeling potential, surgery is indicated for severe displacement or complications and offers faster recovery. The authors highlight the need to balance the high union rates of both methods against the specific benefits of operative intervention in this population.

40. Thamrongskulsiri N, Vitoonpong T, Itthipanichpong T, et al. Prolotherapy is not superior to control or placebo-based conservative treatments for rotator cuff tendinopathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow 2025. doi:10.5397/cise.2025.00570

This systematic review and meta-analysis compared prolotherapy against control or placebo treatments for rotator cuff tendinopathy, finding no significant superiority in pain relief or functional outcomes. Although prolotherapy showed a small, statistically significant improvement in shoulder abduction, it did not consistently translate to broader clinical benefits or structural improvements. The authors conclude that prolotherapy is not superior to standard conservative treatments for this condition.

45. Shabbir R, Shamith S, Parente PEL, et al. Characteristics and outcomes of cubital tunnel decompression in diabetic patients receiving glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists. Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow 2025. doi:10.5397/cise.2025.00801

This propensity-score matched study compared short- and mid-term outcomes of cubital tunnel release in diabetic patients who received perioperative glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists versus those who did not. The analysis aimed to determine if GLP-1 RAs offer neuroprotective benefits that improve surgical success rates in this high-risk population. Although the abstract text is truncated, the study design indicates an investigation into whether GLP-1 RA treatment reduces persistent neuropathy or revision rates following decompression.

46. Park HB, Jung K. Life devoted to healing: remembering a pioneer who never stopped serving. Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow 2025. doi:10.5397/cise.2025.01095

This article is a tribute to a medical pioneer dedicated to healing and service, commemorating their lifelong contributions to the field. As an obituary or memorial piece, it lacks specific clinical data or research findings to summarize. The content serves to honor the legacy and impact of the individual rather than reporting on a specific medical intervention or study.

50. Delgado C, Arce G, Mihata T, et al. Anterior shoulder instability in the teenage athlete: State of the art. Journal of ISAKOS 2025. doi:10.1016/j.jisako.2025.101016

This article reviews the current state of the art regarding the management of anterior shoulder instability in teenage athletes. It synthesizes existing literature to outline diagnostic challenges and treatment strategies specific to this high-risk demographic. The clinical implication is a call for tailored, evidence-based approaches to optimize return-to-sport outcomes while minimizing recurrence in young athletes.

51. Kassam HF, Mathur A, Saunders P, et al. Subcutaneous lavage with a 0.05% chlorhexidine gluconate solution leads to decreased Cutibacterium acnes deep culture rate in primary total shoulder arthroplasty: a prospective, randomized controlled trial. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2025. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.02.043

A prospective, randomized controlled trial evaluated the efficacy of subcutaneous lavage with 0.05% chlorhexidine gluconate in reducing Cutibacterium acnes deep culture rates during primary total shoulder arthroplasty. The study found that this specific lavage protocol significantly decreased the rate of deep bacterial cultures compared to controls. Clinically, this supports the adoption of chlorhexidine lavage as a standard prophylactic measure to lower the risk of periprosthetic joint infection.

55. Li ZI, Huebschmann NA, Garra S, et al. No difference in clinical outcomes and return to sport and work with use of postoperative nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications following primary arthroscopic glenoid labral repair. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2025. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.02.048

A clinical study assessed whether postoperative use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) affects outcomes or return to sport and work after primary arthroscopic glenoid labral repair. The research found no significant difference in clinical outcomes or return-to-activity rates between patients who used NSAIDs and those who did not. This suggests that postoperative NSAID use can be safely prescribed for pain management without compromising the success of the repair.

57. Jones CA, Kolakowski L, Stadecker M, et al. Quantification of glenoid dysplasia utilizing vault depth: a classification and treatment guide. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2025. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.02.050

This study introduces a novel classification system for glenoid dysplasia based on vault depth quantification to guide surgical treatment. The authors propose specific management strategies tailored to the severity of dysplasia identified by this new metric. Clinically, this approach aims to standardize preoperative planning and improve outcomes for complex glenoid deformities.

59. Sepehri A, Stockton DJ, Wang A(T, et al. The methodology and interpretation of radiographic measures for malunion in proximal humerus fractures: a systematic review. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2025. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.02.052

This systematic review critically examines the methodologies and interpretation of radiographic measures used to define malunion in proximal humerus fractures. The authors identify significant inconsistencies in current measurement techniques and their correlation with clinical outcomes. The review highlights the need for standardized radiographic protocols to improve the accuracy of malunion diagnosis and treatment planning.

62. Orringer MS, Orringer MJ, Mayfield CK, et al. Same reimbursement, different cost: risk factors for high-cost total shoulder arthroplasty. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2025. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.02.055

This analysis investigated risk factors contributing to high costs in total shoulder arthroplasty despite uniform reimbursement structures. The study identified specific patient and procedural variables that drive increased resource utilization and expenses. Understanding these cost drivers can help healthcare systems optimize resource allocation and reduce financial disparities in shoulder surgery.

66. Tada T, Sukegawa K, Metoki Y, et al. High radial nerve entrapment neuropathy: an anatomical cadaver study and case report. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2025. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.02.060

This study combined cadaveric anatomical dissection with a clinical case report to characterize the specific anatomy and mechanisms of high radial nerve entrapment neuropathy. The research identified distinct anatomical landmarks and compression points that are critical for surgical awareness. Clinicians can utilize these anatomical insights to better diagnose and prevent iatrogenic nerve injury during shoulder procedures.

68. Jalics AR, Zauel R, Klochko C, et al. Supraspinatus muscle length in the torn rotator cuff: associations with shoulder strength and tear size. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2025. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.03.002

Précis unavailable.

70. Parmar T, Daher M, Kermanshahi N, et al. Comparing shoulder surgery outcomes in workers' compensation versus nonworkers’ compensation patients: a meta-analysis. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2025. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.03.004

A meta-analysis was conducted to compare clinical outcomes of shoulder surgery between workers' compensation patients and non-workers' compensation patients. The results indicated significant disparities in functional recovery and satisfaction rates, with workers' compensation patients generally experiencing poorer outcomes. These findings highlight the need for specialized rehabilitation strategies and realistic expectation setting for patients involved in workers' compensation cases.

74. Piper MM, Maheshwer B, Kuka C, et al. Response to letter to the editor regarding “Publication trends in the Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery”. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2025. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.03.008

The authors responded to a letter regarding publication trends in the Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery, addressing concerns about data interpretation and methodology. They clarified their original analysis and defended the validity of their findings on publication patterns. This exchange highlights the importance of rigorous data scrutiny in academic discourse regarding journal metrics.

75. Yang L, Zheng Z. Letter to the editor regarding “Publication trends in the Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery”. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2025. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.03.009

This letter critiques the original article on publication trends, questioning the methodology and conclusions drawn by the authors. The authors argue that the statistical approach used may have overlooked key variables affecting publication bias. The correspondence underscores ongoing debates about how publication trends are measured and interpreted in orthopedic literature.

77. Yeo MH, Seah SJ, Ang G, et al. Prevalence and risk factors for the development of glenohumeral osteoarthritis following arthroscopic Bankart repair: a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies with minimum 5-years follow-up. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2025. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.03.011

This systematic review and meta-analysis assessed the prevalence and risk factors for glenohumeral osteoarthritis after arthroscopic Bankart repair with at least five years of follow-up. The study identified specific patient and surgical factors that significantly increase the risk of developing post-traumatic osteoarthritis. These findings guide surgeons in patient selection and counseling regarding long-term joint health after stabilization surgery.

79. Guo B, Yang Y, Li T, et al. Clinical outcomes of arthroscopic treatment for shoulder synovial chondromatosis: a case series. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2025. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.03.014

This study analyzed insurance payer policies regarding coverage for subacromial balloon spacers, finding that they rely on references with poor quantity and quality. The authors argue that current coverage decisions are not adequately supported by robust clinical evidence. These findings suggest a need for updated, evidence-based guidelines to inform insurance coverage for this device.

80. Lin EH, Sathialingam M, Iyer A, et al. Insurance payer policies for subacromial balloon spacer coverage utilize poor quantity and quality of references. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2025. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2025.03.015

Précis unavailable.

82. Unknown Author. Sponsoring Societies. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2025. doi:10.1016/s1058-2746(25)00723-2

This article serves as a formal listing of the sponsoring societies associated with the journal issue. No specific clinical research, data analysis, or experimental findings were presented within this text. Consequently, there are no direct clinical implications derived from this content beyond acknowledging the organizational support for the publication.

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2. upon express reinstatement by the Licensor.

For the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.

c. For the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.

d. Sections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.

Section 7 -- Other Terms and Conditions.

a. The Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.

b. Any arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.

Section 8 -- Interpretation.

a. For the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.

b. To the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.

c. No term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.

d. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.

Creative Commons is not a party to its public licenses. Notwithstanding, Creative Commons may elect to apply one of its public licenses to material it publishes and in those instances will be considered the “Licensor.” The text of the Creative Commons public licenses is dedicated to the public domain under the CC0 Public Domain Dedication. Except for the limited purpose of indicating that material is shared under a Creative Commons public license or as otherwise permitted by the Creative Commons policies published at creativecommons.org/policies, Creative Commons does not authorize the use of the trademark "Creative Commons" or any other trademark or logo of Creative Commons without its prior written consent including, without limitation, in connection with any unauthorized modifications to any of its public licenses or any other arrangements, understandings, or agreements concerning use of licensed material. For the avoidance of doubt, this paragraph does not form part of the public licenses.

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